Acetylcholine: Difference between revisions

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==The cholinergic system==

Acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). Acetylcholine is also one of many neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and is the only neurotransmitter used in the motor division of the somatic nervous system (sensory neurons use glutamate and various peptides at their synapses). It functions as both a neurotransmitter and a neuromodulator. The cholinergic areas of the brain have distinct critical functions which some of them are; attention, memory (long- and short term), motivation, and arousal.<ref>Kapalka, ~~George~~ M. (2010~~). "Substances Involved in Neurotransmission".~~ Nutritional and Herbal Therapies for Children and Adolescents. https://~~doi~~.~~org~~/10.1016~~%2Fb978~~-0-12-374927-7.00004-2</ref>

Acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). Acetylcholine is also one of many neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and is the only neurotransmitter used in the motor division of the somatic nervous system (sensory neurons use glutamate and various peptides at their synapses). It functions as both a neurotransmitter and a neuromodulator. The cholinergic areas of the brain have distinct critical functions which some of them are; attention, memory (long- and short term), motivation, and arousal.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Kapalka, G. M.)) | date= 2010 | chapter=Nutritional and Herbal Therapies for Children and Adolescents | title=Substances Involved in Neurotransmission | publisher=Elsevier | pages=71–99 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780123749277000042 | doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-374927-7.00004-2 | isbn=9780123749277}}</ref>

===Drugs targeting the cholinergic system===

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====[[Precursors]]====

Precursors such as [[choline]], [[citicoline]] and [[alpha-GPC]] are direct building blocks for acetylcholine and supplementing them may allow it to accumulate at higher levels than that which it otherwise would.<ref>Zeisel, S. H., ~~& Da~~ Costa, K. A. ~~(2009~~). Choline: An essential nutrient for public health~~. Nutrition Reviews,~~ 67(11), 615–623. https://doi.~~org~~/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00246.x</ref>

Precursors such as [[choline]], [[citicoline]] and [[alpha-GPC]] are direct building blocks for acetylcholine and supplementing them may allow it to accumulate at higher levels than that which it otherwise would.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Zeisel, S. H.)), ((Costa, K.-A. da)) | journal=Nutrition Reviews | title=Choline: an essential nutrient for public health | volume=67 | issue=11 | pages=615–623 | date= November 2009 | url=https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00246.x | issn=00296643 | doi=10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00246.x}}</ref>

====[[Antagonists]]====

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 ==The cholinergic system==
-Acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). Acetylcholine is also one of many neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and is the only neurotransmitter used in the motor division of the somatic nervous system (sensory neurons use glutamate and various peptides at their synapses). It functions as both a neurotransmitter and a neuromodulator. The cholinergic areas of the brain have distinct critical functions which some of them are; attention, memory (long- and short term), motivation, and arousal.<ref>Kapalka, George M. (2010). "Substances Involved in Neurotransmission". Nutritional and Herbal Therapies for Children and Adolescents. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-374927-7.00004-2</ref>
+Acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). Acetylcholine is also one of many neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and is the only neurotransmitter used in the motor division of the somatic nervous system (sensory neurons use glutamate and various peptides at their synapses). It functions as both a neurotransmitter and a neuromodulator. The cholinergic areas of the brain have distinct critical functions which some of them are; attention, memory (long- and short term), motivation, and arousal.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Kapalka, G. M.)) | date= 2010 | chapter=Nutritional and Herbal Therapies for Children and Adolescents | title=Substances Involved in Neurotransmission | publisher=Elsevier | pages=71–99 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780123749277000042 | doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-374927-7.00004-2 | isbn=9780123749277}}</ref>
 ===Drugs targeting the cholinergic system===
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 ====[[Precursors]]====
-Precursors such as [[choline]], [[citicoline]] and [[alpha-GPC]] are direct building blocks for acetylcholine and supplementing them may allow it to accumulate at higher levels than that which it otherwise would.<ref>Zeisel, S. H., & Da Costa, K. A. (2009). Choline: An essential nutrient for public health. Nutrition Reviews, 67(11), 615–623. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00246.x</ref>
+Precursors such as [[choline]], [[citicoline]] and [[alpha-GPC]] are direct building blocks for acetylcholine and supplementing them may allow it to accumulate at higher levels than that which it otherwise would.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Zeisel, S. H.)), ((Costa, K.-A. da)) | journal=Nutrition Reviews | title=Choline: an essential nutrient for public health | volume=67 | issue=11 | pages=615–623 | date= November 2009 | url=https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00246.x | issn=00296643 | doi=10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00246.x}}</ref>
 ====[[Antagonists]]====