NEP: Difference between revisions

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'''N-Ethyl-nor-pentedrone''' (also known as '''N-Ethylpentedrone''', '''Ethyl-pentedrone''' or more commonly, '''NEP''') is a lesser-known novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::cathinone]] class that produces [[stimulating]], [[euphoric]], and mildly [[entactogenic]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]].

The stimulating effects of NEP are believed to mainly be caused by its activity as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI). The reported entactogenic effects it displays may also be due to its activity as a [[serotonin]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] or [[releasing agent]] in moderate to high doses, although ~~a recent study~~ has shown very low serotonin reuptake inhibition. <ref name=":0">L. Duart-Castells, N. Nadal-Gratacós, M. Muralter, B. Puster, X. Berzosa, R. Estrada-Tejedor, M. Niello, S. Bhat, D. Pubill, J. Camarasa, H.H. Sitte, E. Escubedo, R. López-Arnau,

The stimulating effects of NEP are believed to mainly be caused by its activity as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI). The reported entactogenic effects it displays may also be due to its activity as a [[serotonin]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] or [[releasing agent]] in moderate to high doses, although new research has shown very low serotonin reuptake inhibition.<ref name=":0">L. Duart-Castells, N. Nadal-Gratacós, M. Muralter, B. Puster, X. Berzosa, R. Estrada-Tejedor, M. Niello, S. Bhat, D. Pubill, J. Camarasa, H.H. Sitte, E. Escubedo, R. López-Arnau,

Role of amino terminal substitutions in the pharmacological, rewarding and psychostimulant profiles of novel synthetic cathinones,

Neuropharmacology,

Volume 186,

2021,

108475,

ISSN 0028-3908,

<nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108475</nowiki>.

(<nowiki>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028390821000290</nowiki>)</ref>

NEP shares a close structural relationship to its parent compound [[pentedrone]], differing by an addition ethyl group on the terminal nitrogen on the carbon chain. This addition reportedly makes it about three times as potent as pentedrone.~~{{citation needed}}~~ NEP is also closely related to [[N-Ethylhexedrone]] (commonly known as ''Hexen''), and has been reported as producing largely-similar effects.

NEP shares a close structural relationship to its parent compound [[pentedrone]], differing by an addition ethyl group on the terminal nitrogen on the carbon chain. This addition reportedly makes it about three times as potent as pentedrone.<ref name=":0" /> NEP is also closely related to [[N-Ethylhexedrone]] (commonly known as ''Hexen''), and has been reported as producing largely-similar effects.

NEP first became known in the [[research chemical]] market during 2016. It is an example of a contemporary [[designer drug]] specifically chosen to mimic/replace the functional and structural features of its popular potent and short-lived-type stimulant predecessors, which are sometimes imprecisely referred to as "bath salts".

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==Pharmacology==

Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, a lot of the discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely based upon its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]]s such as [[mephedrone]] and others. A recent study has shown that NEP acts as a potent [[Reuptake inhibitor|norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI) with very poor affinity for [[Serotonin|SERT]].<ref name=":0" /> This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in [[stimulation|stimulating]] and [[physical euphoria|euphoric]] effects. That being said, an interaction with other receptor sites cannot be fully ruled out.

Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, a lot of the discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely based upon its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]]s such as [[mephedrone]] and others. However, a recent study has shown that NEP acts as a potent [[Reuptake inhibitor|norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI) with very poor affinity for [[Serotonin|SERT]].<ref name=":0" /> This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in [[stimulation|stimulating]] and [[physical euphoria|euphoric]] effects. That being said, an interaction with other receptor sites cannot yet be fully ruled out.

==Subjective effects==

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 '''N-Ethyl-nor-pentedrone''' (also known as '''N-Ethylpentedrone''', '''Ethyl-pentedrone''' or more commonly, '''NEP''') is a lesser-known novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::cathinone]] class that produces [[stimulating]], [[euphoric]], and mildly [[entactogenic]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]].
-The stimulating effects of NEP are believed to mainly be caused by its activity as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI). The reported entactogenic effects it displays may also be due to its activity as a [[serotonin]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] or [[releasing agent]] in moderate to high doses, although a recent study has shown very low serotonin reuptake inhibition. <ref name=":0">L. Duart-Castells, N. Nadal-Gratacós, M. Muralter, B. Puster, X. Berzosa, R. Estrada-Tejedor, M. Niello, S. Bhat, D. Pubill, J. Camarasa, H.H. Sitte, E. Escubedo, R. López-Arnau,
+The stimulating effects of NEP are believed to mainly be caused by its activity as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI). The reported entactogenic effects it displays may also be due to its activity as a [[serotonin]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] or [[releasing agent]] in moderate to high doses, although new research has shown very low serotonin reuptake inhibition.<ref name=":0">L. Duart-Castells, N. Nadal-Gratacós, M. Muralter, B. Puster, X. Berzosa, R. Estrada-Tejedor, M. Niello, S. Bhat, D. Pubill, J. Camarasa, H.H. Sitte, E. Escubedo, R. López-Arnau,
 Role of amino terminal substitutions in the pharmacological, rewarding and psychostimulant profiles of novel synthetic cathinones,
 Neuropharmacology,
 Volume 186,
 ,
 ,
 ISSN 0028-3908,
 <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108475</nowiki>.
 (<nowiki>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028390821000290</nowiki>)</ref>
-NEP shares a close structural relationship to its parent compound [[pentedrone]], differing by an addition ethyl group on the terminal nitrogen on the carbon chain. This addition reportedly makes it about three times as potent as pentedrone.{{citation needed}} NEP is also closely related to [[N-Ethylhexedrone]] (commonly known as ''Hexen''), and has been reported as producing largely-similar effects.
+NEP shares a close structural relationship to its parent compound [[pentedrone]], differing by an addition ethyl group on the terminal nitrogen on the carbon chain. This addition reportedly makes it about three times as potent as pentedrone.<ref name=":0" /> NEP is also closely related to [[N-Ethylhexedrone]] (commonly known as ''Hexen''), and has been reported as producing largely-similar effects.
 NEP first became known in the [[research chemical]] market during 2016. It is an example of a contemporary [[designer drug]] specifically chosen to mimic/replace the functional and structural features of its popular potent and short-lived-type stimulant predecessors, which are sometimes imprecisely referred to as "bath salts".
@@ Line 32: / Line 24: @@
 ==Pharmacology==
-Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, a lot of the discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely based upon its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]]s such as [[mephedrone]] and others. A recent study has shown that NEP acts as a potent [[Reuptake inhibitor|norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI) with very poor affinity for [[Serotonin|SERT]].<ref name=":0" /> This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in [[stimulation|stimulating]] and [[physical euphoria|euphoric]] effects. That being said, an interaction with other receptor sites cannot be fully ruled out.
+Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, a lot of the discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely based upon its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]]s such as [[mephedrone]] and others. However, a recent study has shown that NEP acts as a potent [[Reuptake inhibitor|norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI) with very poor affinity for [[Serotonin|SERT]].<ref name=":0" /> This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in [[stimulation|stimulating]] and [[physical euphoria|euphoric]] effects. That being said, an interaction with other receptor sites cannot yet be fully ruled out.
 ==Subjective effects==