25B-NBOMe: Difference between revisions

25B-NBOMe was discovered in 2004 by Ralf Heim at the Free University of Berlin.<ref name="Heim2004">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Heim, R.)) | title=Synthese und Pharmakologie potenter 5-HT2A-Rezeptoragonisten mit N-2 -Methoxybenzyl-Partialstruktur: Entwicklung eines neuen Struktur-Wirkungskonzepts | date= 2004 | language=german | url=https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/11995 | doi=10.17169/refubium-16193}}</ref> It acts as a potent partial agonist for the 5-HT_2A receptor.<ref name="25BSAR">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Hansen, M.)), ((Phonekeo, K.)), ((Paine, J. S.)), ((Leth-Petersen, S.)), ((Begtrup, M.)), ((Bräuner-Osborne, H.)), ((Kristensen, J. L.)) | journal=ACS Chemical Neuroscience | title=Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships of N -Benzyl Phenethylamines as 5-HT 2A/2C Agonists | volume=5 | issue=3 | pages=243–249 | date=19 March 2014 | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cn400216u | issn=1948-7193 | doi=10.1021/cn400216u}}</ref> It has been used in clinical trials with an evaluation dose for safety consideration to humans of only 1 microgram. Such a dose was determined to be only 1/300th the dose expected to be hallucinogenic to humans and that recreational use would greatly exceed doses determined to be safe to humans.<ref name="25BSAR" /> This substance had no history of human use before being sold online as a [[designer drug]] in 2010.{{citation needed}}

[[Subjective effects]] include [[stimulation]], [[geometry|open and closed-eye visuals]], [[time distortion]], [[euphoria]], and [[ego loss]]. Anecdotal reports suggest 25B-NBOMe to be an active [[hallucinogen]] at a dose of as little as 250–500 µg, making it a similar potency to other phenethylamine derived [[hallucinogens]] such as [[Bromo-DragonFLY]].<ref>{{Citation | title=Erowid Bromo-Dragonfly Vault : Dosage | url=https://erowid.org/chemicals/bromo_dragonfly/bromo_dragonfly_dose.shtml}}</ref>  It is worth noting that compounds of the [[25x-NBOMe|NBOMe]] class are not [[oral|orally]] active and should therefore be taken [[sublingual|sublingually]] by placing them into one's mouth and allowing it to absorb over a period of 15-30 minutes.

25B-NBOMe has efficacy at the [[serotonin#The 5-HT system|5-HT_2A receptor]] where it acts as a potent [[Agonist#Agonists|partial agonist]].<ref name="Heim2004"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Silva, Maria Elena)) | title=Theoretical study of the interaction of agonists with the 5-HT2A receptor | date= 2009 | url=https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/id/eprint/12119 | doi=10.5283/EPUB.12119}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Silva, M. E.)), ((Heim, R.)), ((Strasser, A.)), ((Elz, S.)), ((Dove, S.)) | journal=Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design | title=Theoretical studies on the interaction of partial agonists with the 5-HT2A receptor | volume=25 | issue=1 | pages=51–66 | date= January 2011 | url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10822-010-9400-2 | issn=0920-654X | doi=10.1007/s10822-010-9400-2}}</ref><ref name="25BSAR"/> However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the [[psychedelic]] experience continues to remain elusive.

25B-NBOMe is a relatively new substance, and little is known about its pharmacological risks or its interaction with other substances. The lethal dosage has not yet been determined. One case has been reported on where 25B-NBOMe was identified as the cause of death for a 17-year-old boy.<ref>{{Citation | title=Designer Drug Identified As Cause Of Plano Teen’s Death | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/dfw/news/designer-drug-identified-as-cause-of-plano-teens-death/}}</ref>

It is advised that due to 25B-NBOMe's extreme potency it should not be insufflated as this method of administration is [[Toxicity::potentially fatal at heavy dosages]].<ref name="NBOMeDeath">{{Citation | title=Erowid NBOMe (Other or Unknown NBOMe-Compound) Vault : Fatalities / Deaths | url=https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/nbome/nbome_death.shtml}}</ref>  

*'''Canada''': 25B-NBOMe would be considered Schedule III as it is a derivative of 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Branch, L. S.)) | year=2022 | title=Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act | url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-12.html}}</ref>

*'''Latvia''': 25B-NBOMe is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>{{Citation | title=Zaudējis spēku - Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem | url=https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086}}</ref>

*'''New Zealand''': 25B-NBOMe is a Schedule 2 controlled substance in New Zealand.<ref>{{Citation | title=Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 No 116 (as at 07 December 2021), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation | url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1975/0116/latest/whole.html}}</ref>

*'''Sweden''': 25B-NBOMe is classed as Schedule I.<ref>{{Citation | title=Läkemedelsverkets författningssamling | url= http://www.lakemedelsverket.se/upload/lvfs/LVFS_2013-15.pdf}}</ref>

*'''Turkey:''' 25B-NBOMe is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref name="Bakanlar Kurulu Kararı - Karar Sayısı : 2013/5742">{{Citation | title=Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü | url=https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3.htm}}</ref> <ref name="List of illegal substances for law"> https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3-1.pdf</ref>

*'''United Kingdom''': 25B-NBOMe is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the N-benzylphenethylamine catch-all clause.<ref>{{Citation | year=2014 | title=Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (S.I. 2014/1106) | publisher=London: The Stationery Office Limited | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/1106/made | access-date=5 July 2017}}</ref>