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Derealization: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Life_through_a_screen_by_Anonymous.jpg|thumbnail|250px|An artistic replication of what it feels like to experience watching the world through a screen.]] | [[File:Life_through_a_screen_by_Anonymous.jpg|thumbnail|250px|An artistic replication of what it feels like to experience watching the world through a screen.]] | ||
'''Derealization''' or '''derealisation''' (sometimes abbreviated as '''DR''') is medically recognized as the experience of feeling detached from, and as if one is an outside observer of, one's surroundings.<ref name="DSM5Glossary"> | '''Derealization''' or '''derealisation''' (sometimes abbreviated as '''DR''') is medically recognized as the experience of feeling detached from, and as if one is an outside observer of, one's surroundings.<ref name="DSM5Glossary">{{cite journal|title=Glossary of Technical Terms|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=818-20|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms}}</ref><ref name="ICD-11-depersonalization-derealization-disorder">{{cite journal|title=Depersonalization-derealization disorder|journal=International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.)|year=2022|url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/253124068 | access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref> This effect is characterized by the individual feeling as if they are in a fog, dream, bubble, or something watched through a screen,<ref name="Espiard2005">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Espiard, M.-L.)), ((Lecardeur, L.)), ((Abadie, P.)), ((Halbecq, I.)), ((Dollfus, S.)) | journal=European Psychiatry | title=Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder after psilocybin consumption: a case study | volume=20 | issue=5–6 | pages=458–460 | date= August 2005 | url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S092493380024145X/type/journal_article | issn=0924-9338 | doi=10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.04.008}}</ref> like a film or video game.<ref name=":0">{{cite book | title=Dissociative Disorders|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.) | date=22 May 2013 | publisher=American Psychiatric Association | edition=Fifth Edition | url=https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm08 | doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm08 | isbn=9780890425558}}</ref> These feelings instill the person with a sensation of alienation and distance from those around them. | ||
Derealization can be distressing to the user, who may become disoriented by the loss of the innate sense that their external environment is genuinely real. The loss of the sense that the external world is real can make it feel inherently artificial and lifeless.<ref name=":0" /> | Derealization can be distressing to the user, who may become disoriented by the loss of the innate sense that their external environment is genuinely real. The loss of the sense that the external world is real can make it feel inherently artificial and lifeless.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
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In psychiatry, chronic derealization that arises during sobriety is identified as "Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder" and is classified by both the DSM5 and ICD-11 as a single dissociative disorder.<ref name="ICD-11-depersonalization-derealization-disorder"/><ref name=":0" /> | In psychiatry, chronic derealization that arises during sobriety is identified as "Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder" and is classified by both the DSM5 and ICD-11 as a single dissociative disorder.<ref name="ICD-11-depersonalization-derealization-disorder"/><ref name=":0" /> | ||
Temporary derealization symptoms lasting hours to days are common in the general population. Approximately one-half of all adults have experienced at least one episode of depersonalization/derealization within their lifetime, and the gender ratio for the disorder is 1:1.<ref name=":0" /> Chronic derealization is more common within individuals who have experienced a severe trauma or prolonged stress and anxiety. The symptoms of both chronic derealization and depersonalization are common within the general population, with a lifetime prevalence of up to 26-74% and 31–66% at the time of a traumatic event.<ref>Hunter, E. C., Sierra, M., | Temporary derealization symptoms lasting hours to days are common in the general population. Approximately one-half of all adults have experienced at least one episode of depersonalization/derealization within their lifetime, and the gender ratio for the disorder is 1:1.<ref name=":0" /> Chronic derealization is more common within individuals who have experienced a severe trauma or prolonged stress and anxiety. The symptoms of both chronic derealization and depersonalization are common within the general population, with a lifetime prevalence of up to 26-74% and 31–66% at the time of a traumatic event.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Hunter, E. C. M.)), ((Sierra, M.)), ((David, A. S.)) | journal=Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | title=The epidemiology of depersonalisation and derealisation | volume=39 | issue=1 | pages=9–18 | date=1 January 2004 | url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-004-0701-4 | issn=1433-9285 | doi=10.1007/s00127-004-0701-4}}</ref> | ||
This effect is a type of cognitive and perceptual dysregulation.<ref name="DSM5Glossary" /> It has been demonstrated that derealization may be caused by a dysfunction within the brains visual processing center (occipital lobe) or the temporal lobe, which is used for processing the meaning of sensory input, language comprehension, and emotion association.<ref>Sierra, M., Lopera, F., Lambert, M. V., Phillips, M. L., | This effect is a type of cognitive and perceptual dysregulation.<ref name="DSM5Glossary" /> It has been demonstrated that derealization may be caused by a dysfunction within the brains visual processing center (occipital lobe) or the temporal lobe, which is used for processing the meaning of sensory input, language comprehension, and emotion association.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Sierra, M.)), ((Lopera, F.)), ((Lambert, M. V.)), ((Phillips, M. L.)), ((David, A. S.)) | journal=Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry | title=Separating depersonalisation and derealisation: the relevance of the “lesion method” | volume=72 | issue=4 | pages=530–532 | date=1 April 2002 | url=https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/72/4/530 | issn=0022-3050 | doi=10.1136/jnnp.72.4.530}}</ref> | ||
===Psychoactive substances=== | ===Psychoactive substances=== | ||
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include: | Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include: | ||