Time distortion: Difference between revisions

'''Time distortion''' is defined as an effect that makes the passage of time feel difficult to keep track of and wildly distorted.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((N. Stanciu, C.)), ((M. Penders, T.)) | journal=Current Psychiatry Reviews | title=Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder Induced by New Psychoactive Substituted Phenethylamines; A Review with Illustrative Case | volume=12 | issue=2 | pages=221–223 | date=1 June 2016}}

</ref> It is usually felt in two different forms, time dilation and time compression.<ref name="Nichols2016">{{cite journal|last1=Nichols|first1=D. E.|title=Psychedelics|journal=Pharmacological Reviews|volume=68|issue=2|year=2016|pages=264–355|issn=1521-0081|doi=10.1124/pr.115.011478}}</ref> These two forms are described and documented below:

Time dilation is defined as the feeling that time has slowed down.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Pink-Hashkes, S.)), ((Rooij, I. J. E. I. van)), ((Kwisthout, J. H. P.)) | journal=London, UK : Cognitive Science Society | title=Perception is in the details: A predictive coding account of the psychedelic phenomenon | date= 2017 | url=https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/179969}}</ref> This commonly occurs during intense hallucinogenic experiences and seems to stem from the fact that during an intense trip, abnormally large amounts of experience are felt in very short periods of time.<ref name="HillFischer1969">{{cite journal|last1=Hill|first1=R. M.|last2=Fischer|first2=R.|last3=Warshay|first3=Diana|title=Effects of excitatory and tranquilizing drugs on visual perception. spatial distortion thresholds|journal=Experientia|volume=25|issue=2|year=1969|pages=171–172|issn=0014-4754|doi=10.1007/BF01899105}}</ref><ref name="Fischer1971">{{cite journal|last1=Fischer|first1=R.|title=A Cartography of the Ecstatic and Meditative States|journal=Science|volume=174|issue=4012|year=1971|pages=897–904|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.174.4012.897}}</ref> This can create the illusion that more time has passed than actually has. For example, at the end of certain experiences, one may feel that they have subjectively undergone days, weeks, months, years, or even infinite periods of time.

Time dilation is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[spirituality enhancement]],<ref name="Buckley1981">{{cite journal|last1=Buckley|first1=P.|title=Mystical Experience and Schizophrenia|journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin|volume=7|issue=3|year=1981|pages=516–521|issn=0586-7614|doi=10.1093/schbul/7.3.516}}</ref> [[thought loops]], [[novelty enhancement]], and [[internal hallucinations]] in a manner which may lead one into perceiving a disproportionately large number of events considering the amount of time that has actually passed in the real world. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#heavy|heavy]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] compounds, such as [[psychedelic|psychedelics]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Schroll, M. A.)) | journal=European Journal of Ecopsychology | title=From ecopsychology to transpersonal ecosophy: Shamanism, psychedelics and transpersonal psychology | volume=4 | pages=116–144 | date= 2013 | url=http://www.psilosophy.info/resources/EJE%20v4_Schroll.pdf}}</ref><ref name="RileyBlackman2009">{{cite journal|last1=Riley|first1=Sarah C.E.|last2=Blackman|first2=Graham|title=Between Prohibitions: Patterns and Meanings of Magic Mushroom Use in the UK|journal=Substance Use & Misuse|volume=43|issue=1|year=2009|pages=55–71|issn=1082-6084|doi=10.1080/10826080701772363}}</ref> [[dissociative|dissociatives]], [[Entactogen|entactogens]],<ref name="NikolovaDanchev2014">{{cite journal|last1=Nikolova|first1=I.|last2=Danchev|first2=N.|title=Piperazine Based Substances of Abuse: A new Party Pills on Bulgarian Drug Market|journal=Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment|volume=22|issue=2|year=2014|pages=652–655|issn=1310-2818|doi=10.1080/13102818.2008.10817529}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Yeap, C. W.)), ((Bian, C. K.)), ((Abdullah, A. F. L.)) | journal=Health and the Environment Journal | title=A Review on Benzylpiperazine and Trifluoromethylphenypiperazine: Origins, Effects, Prevalence and Legal Status | volume=1 | issue=2 | pages=38–50 | date= 2010}}</ref> and [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]].

This commonly occurs under the influence of certain [[stimulant|stimulating]] compounds and seems to at least partially stem from the fact that during intense levels of stimulation, people typically become hyper-focused on activities and tasks in a manner which can allow time to pass them by without realizing it. However, the same experience can also occur on [[depressant]] compounds which induce [[amnesia]]. This occurs due to the way in which a person can literally forget everything that has happened while still experiencing the effects of the substance, thus giving the impression that they have suddenly jumped forward in time.