Methylphenidate: Difference between revisions

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'''Methylphenidate''' (also known as '''MPH''', '''MPD''', and the trade names '''Ritalin''', '''Concerta''', and '''Methylin''', among others) is a classical [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::phenidate]] class. It is the parent compound of the [[substituted phenidates]], a family of stimulants that includes [[ethylphenidate]], [[isopropylphenidate]], and others. The mechanism of action involves ~~reuptake inhibition~~ of the [[neurotransmitters]] [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]].

'''Methylphenidate''' (also known as '''MPH''', '''MPD''', and the trade names '''Ritalin''', '''Concerta''', and '''Methylin''', among others) is a classical [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::phenidate]] class. It is the parent compound of the [[substituted phenidates]], a family of stimulants that includes [[ethylphenidate]], [[isopropylphenidate]], and others. The mechanism of action involves increasing concentrations of the [[neurotransmitters]] [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]].

It was first synthesized in 1944 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1955. It was originally sold by Swiss company CIBA (now Novartis).<ref>Lange KW, Reichl S, Lange KM, Tucha L, Tucha O (December 2010). "The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2 (4): 241–255. doi:10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8. PMC 3000907. PMID 21258430.</ref> It is approved for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is often used by students with or without ADHD ~~to enhance their mental abilities, improve their concentration,~~ and ~~help them~~ study.

It was first synthesized in 1944 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1955. It was originally sold by Swiss company CIBA (now Novartis).<ref>Lange KW, Reichl S, Lange KM, Tucha L, Tucha O (December 2010). "The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2 (4): 241–255. doi:10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8. PMC 3000907. PMID 21258430.</ref> It is approved for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is often used by students with or without ADHD as a cognitive enhancer and study aid.

[[Subjective effects]] include [[stimulation]], [[focus enhancement]], [[motivation enhancement]], [[increased libido]], [[appetite suppression]], and [[euphoria]]. It is usually taken orally, but can also be [[Routes of administration|insufflated or administered rectally]].

[[Subjective effects]] include [[stimulation]], [[focus enhancement]], [[motivation enhancement]], [[increased libido]], [[appetite suppression]], and [[euphoria]]. It is usually taken orally, but can also be [[Routes of administration|insufflated or administered rectally]]. The effects are comparable to those of amphetamine; however, it is reported to produce less euphoria and generally have less recreational value. Some users also report it produces a stronger comedown relative to amphetamine.

It has moderate abuse potential. Chronic use (i.e. high dose, repeat administration) is associated with [[compulsive redosing]], escalating tolerance, and psychological dependence. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction]] practices if using this substance.

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 {{SummarySheet}}
 {{SubstanceBox/Methylphenidate}}
-'''Methylphenidate''' (also known as '''MPH''', '''MPD''', and the trade names '''Ritalin''', '''Concerta''', and '''Methylin''', among others) is a classical [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::phenidate]] class. It is the parent compound of the [[substituted phenidates]], a family of stimulants that includes [[ethylphenidate]], [[isopropylphenidate]], and others. The mechanism of action involves reuptake inhibition of the [[neurotransmitters]] [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]].
+'''Methylphenidate''' (also known as '''MPH''', '''MPD''', and the trade names '''Ritalin''', '''Concerta''', and '''Methylin''', among others) is a classical [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::phenidate]] class. It is the parent compound of the [[substituted phenidates]], a family of stimulants that includes [[ethylphenidate]], [[isopropylphenidate]], and others. The mechanism of action involves increasing concentrations of the [[neurotransmitters]] [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]].
-It was first synthesized in 1944 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1955. It was originally sold by Swiss company CIBA (now Novartis).<ref>Lange KW, Reichl S, Lange KM, Tucha L, Tucha O (December 2010). "The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2 (4): 241–255. doi:10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8. PMC 3000907. PMID 21258430.</ref> It is approved for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is often used by students with or without ADHD to enhance their mental abilities, improve their concentration, and help them study.
+It was first synthesized in 1944 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1955. It was originally sold by Swiss company CIBA (now Novartis).<ref>Lange KW, Reichl S, Lange KM, Tucha L, Tucha O (December 2010). "The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2 (4): 241–255. doi:10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8. PMC 3000907. PMID 21258430.</ref> It is approved for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is often used by students with or without ADHD as a cognitive enhancer and study aid.
-[[Subjective effects]] include [[stimulation]], [[focus enhancement]], [[motivation enhancement]], [[increased libido]], [[appetite suppression]], and [[euphoria]]. It is usually taken orally, but can also be [[Routes of administration|insufflated or administered rectally]].
+[[Subjective effects]] include [[stimulation]], [[focus enhancement]], [[motivation enhancement]], [[increased libido]], [[appetite suppression]], and [[euphoria]]. It is usually taken orally, but can also be [[Routes of administration|insufflated or administered rectally]]. The effects are comparable to those of amphetamine; however, it is reported to produce less euphoria and generally have less recreational value. Some users also report it produces a stronger comedown relative to amphetamine.
 It has moderate abuse potential. Chronic use (i.e. high dose, repeat administration) is associated with [[compulsive redosing]], escalating tolerance, and psychological dependence. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction]] practices if using this substance.