Visual acuity enhancement: Difference between revisions

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It is thought that a fundamental feature of information-processing dysfunction in both hallucinogen-induced states and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is the inability of these people to screen out, inhibit, filter, or gate irrelevant stimuli and to attend selectively to more important features of the environment.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Preliminary evidence of an association between sensorimotor gating and distractibility in psychosis|journal=The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences|volume=8|issue=1|year=1996|pages=60–66|issn=0895-0172|doi=10.1176/jnp.8.1.60}}</ref><ref name="McGhieChapman1961">{{cite journal|last1=McGhie|first1=Andrew|last2=Chapman|first2=James|title=Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia|journal=British Journal of Medical Psychology|volume=34|issue=2|year=1961|pages=103–116|issn=00071129|doi=10.1111/j.2044-8341.1961.tb00936.x}}</ref><ref name="Vollenweider2007">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=F.|title=Advances and Pathophysiological Models of Hallucinogenic Drug Actions in Humans: A Preamble to Schizophrenia Research|journal=Pharmacopsychiatry|volume=31|issue=S 2|year=2007|pages=92–103|issn=0176-3679|doi=10.1055/s-2007-979353}}</ref>

The CSTC model of the brain posits that the thalamus plays a key role in controlling or gating external sensory information to the conscious faculties and is thereby fundamentally involved in the regulation of a person's awareness and attention.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Goddard, A. W.)), ((Charney, D. S.)) | journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | title=Toward an integrated neurobiology of panic disorder | volume=58 Suppl 2 | pages=4-11; discussion 11-12 | date= 1997 | issn=0160-6689||</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Steriade|first1=M| journal=Cellular Thalamic Mechanisms | title=Intrathalamic and brainstem-thalamic networks involved in resting and alert states | date= 1988 | url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1572261550126241024}}</ref><ref name="SteriadeMcCormick1993">{{cite journal|last1=Steriade|first1=M|last2=McCormick|first2=D.|last3=Sejnowski|first3=T.|title=Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain|journal=Science|volume=262|issue=5134|year=1993|pages=679–685|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.8235588}}</ref><ref name="VollenweiderGeyer2001">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A|title=A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses|journal=Brain Research Bulletin|volume=56|issue=5|year=2001|pages=495–507|issn=03619230|doi=10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00646-3}}</ref> The interruption of psychedelics to these neural pathways that inhibit the sensory gating systems<ref name="VollenweiderGeyer2001">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A|title=A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses|journal=Brain Research Bulletin|volume=56|issue=5|year=2001|pages=495–507|issn=03619230|doi=10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00646-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X | journal=Heffter Review of Psychedelic Research | title=Recent advances and concepts in the search for biological correlates of hallucinogen-induced altered states of consciousness | volume=1 | pages=21–32 | date= 1998 | url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1572261550401338880}}</ref> may, therefore, result in an enhanced availability of sensory information which is usually filtered out by these systems. This process is likely also involved in the various [[visual enhancements|visual]], [[tactile enhancement|tactile]], and [[auditory enhancement|auditory enhancements]] which commonly occur when under the influence of a psychedelic experience.

The CSTC model of the brain posits that the thalamus plays a key role in controlling or gating external sensory information to the conscious faculties and is thereby fundamentally involved in the regulation of a person's awareness and attention.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Goddard, A. W.)), ((Charney, D. S.)) | journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | title=Toward an integrated neurobiology of panic disorder | volume=58 Suppl 2 | pages=4-11; discussion 11-12 | date= 1997 | issn=0160-6689}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Steriade|first1=M| journal=Cellular Thalamic Mechanisms | title=Intrathalamic and brainstem-thalamic networks involved in resting and alert states | date= 1988 | url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1572261550126241024}}</ref><ref name="SteriadeMcCormick1993">{{cite journal|last1=Steriade|first1=M|last2=McCormick|first2=D.|last3=Sejnowski|first3=T.|title=Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain|journal=Science|volume=262|issue=5134|year=1993|pages=679–685|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.8235588}}</ref><ref name="VollenweiderGeyer2001">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A|title=A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses|journal=Brain Research Bulletin|volume=56|issue=5|year=2001|pages=495–507|issn=03619230|doi=10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00646-3}}</ref> The interruption of psychedelics to these neural pathways that inhibit the sensory gating systems<ref name="VollenweiderGeyer2001">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A|title=A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses|journal=Brain Research Bulletin|volume=56|issue=5|year=2001|pages=495–507|issn=03619230|doi=10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00646-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X | journal=Heffter Review of Psychedelic Research | title=Recent advances and concepts in the search for biological correlates of hallucinogen-induced altered states of consciousness | volume=1 | pages=21–32 | date= 1998 | url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1572261550401338880}}</ref> may, therefore, result in an enhanced availability of sensory information which is usually filtered out by these systems. This process is likely also involved in the various [[visual enhancements|visual]], [[tactile enhancement|tactile]], and [[auditory enhancement|auditory enhancements]] which commonly occur when under the influence of a psychedelic experience.

===Psychoactive substances===

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 It is thought that a fundamental feature of information-processing dysfunction in both hallucinogen-induced states and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is the inability of these people to screen out, inhibit, filter, or gate irrelevant stimuli and to attend selectively to more important features of the environment.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Preliminary evidence of an association between sensorimotor gating and distractibility in psychosis|journal=The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences|volume=8|issue=1|year=1996|pages=60–66|issn=0895-0172|doi=10.1176/jnp.8.1.60}}</ref><ref name="McGhieChapman1961">{{cite journal|last1=McGhie|first1=Andrew|last2=Chapman|first2=James|title=Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia|journal=British Journal of Medical Psychology|volume=34|issue=2|year=1961|pages=103–116|issn=00071129|doi=10.1111/j.2044-8341.1961.tb00936.x}}</ref><ref name="Vollenweider2007">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=F.|title=Advances and Pathophysiological Models of Hallucinogenic Drug Actions in Humans: A Preamble to Schizophrenia Research|journal=Pharmacopsychiatry|volume=31|issue=S 2|year=2007|pages=92–103|issn=0176-3679|doi=10.1055/s-2007-979353}}</ref>
-The CSTC model of the brain posits that the thalamus plays a key role in controlling or gating external sensory information to the conscious faculties and is thereby fundamentally involved in the regulation of a person's awareness and attention.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Goddard, A. W.)), ((Charney, D. S.)) | journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | title=Toward an integrated neurobiology of panic disorder | volume=58 Suppl 2 | pages=4-11; discussion 11-12 | date= 1997 | issn=0160-6689||</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Steriade|first1=M| journal=Cellular Thalamic Mechanisms | title=Intrathalamic and brainstem-thalamic networks involved in resting and alert states | date= 1988 | url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1572261550126241024}}</ref><ref name="SteriadeMcCormick1993">{{cite journal|last1=Steriade|first1=M|last2=McCormick|first2=D.|last3=Sejnowski|first3=T.|title=Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain|journal=Science|volume=262|issue=5134|year=1993|pages=679–685|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.8235588}}</ref><ref name="VollenweiderGeyer2001">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A|title=A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses|journal=Brain Research Bulletin|volume=56|issue=5|year=2001|pages=495–507|issn=03619230|doi=10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00646-3}}</ref> The interruption of psychedelics to these neural pathways that inhibit the sensory gating systems<ref name="VollenweiderGeyer2001">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A|title=A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses|journal=Brain Research Bulletin|volume=56|issue=5|year=2001|pages=495–507|issn=03619230|doi=10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00646-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X | journal=Heffter Review of Psychedelic Research | title=Recent advances and concepts in the search for biological correlates of hallucinogen-induced altered states of consciousness | volume=1 | pages=21–32 | date= 1998 | url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1572261550401338880}}</ref> may, therefore, result in an enhanced availability of sensory information which is usually filtered out by these systems. This process is likely also involved in the various [[visual enhancements|visual]], [[tactile enhancement|tactile]], and [[auditory enhancement|auditory enhancements]] which commonly occur when under the influence of a psychedelic experience.
+The CSTC model of the brain posits that the thalamus plays a key role in controlling or gating external sensory information to the conscious faculties and is thereby fundamentally involved in the regulation of a person's awareness and attention.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Goddard, A. W.)), ((Charney, D. S.)) | journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | title=Toward an integrated neurobiology of panic disorder | volume=58 Suppl 2 | pages=4-11; discussion 11-12 | date= 1997 | issn=0160-6689}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Steriade|first1=M| journal=Cellular Thalamic Mechanisms | title=Intrathalamic and brainstem-thalamic networks involved in resting and alert states | date= 1988 | url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1572261550126241024}}</ref><ref name="SteriadeMcCormick1993">{{cite journal|last1=Steriade|first1=M|last2=McCormick|first2=D.|last3=Sejnowski|first3=T.|title=Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain|journal=Science|volume=262|issue=5134|year=1993|pages=679–685|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.8235588}}</ref><ref name="VollenweiderGeyer2001">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A|title=A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses|journal=Brain Research Bulletin|volume=56|issue=5|year=2001|pages=495–507|issn=03619230|doi=10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00646-3}}</ref> The interruption of psychedelics to these neural pathways that inhibit the sensory gating systems<ref name="VollenweiderGeyer2001">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A|title=A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses|journal=Brain Research Bulletin|volume=56|issue=5|year=2001|pages=495–507|issn=03619230|doi=10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00646-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X | journal=Heffter Review of Psychedelic Research | title=Recent advances and concepts in the search for biological correlates of hallucinogen-induced altered states of consciousness | volume=1 | pages=21–32 | date= 1998 | url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1572261550401338880}}</ref> may, therefore, result in an enhanced availability of sensory information which is usually filtered out by these systems. This process is likely also involved in the various [[visual enhancements|visual]], [[tactile enhancement|tactile]], and [[auditory enhancement|auditory enhancements]] which commonly occur when under the influence of a psychedelic experience.
 ===Psychoactive substances===