Depression: Difference between revisions

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<onlyinclude>'''Depression''' medically encompasses a ~~large~~ variety of different mood disorders whose common features are a sad, empty, or irritable mood ~~co-occurring with~~ bodily and cognitive changes that significantly ~~disrupt~~ an individual's ability to function.<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders">{{cite journal|title=Depressive Disorders|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm04}}</ref> These different mood disorders have different durations, timing, or presumed origin. ~~However, differentiating~~ normal sadness/grief from a depressive episode requires a careful and meticulous examination. For example: the death of a loved one may cause great suffering, but it does not typically produce a ''medically defined'' depressive episode.<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders"/>

<onlyinclude>'''Depression''' medically encompasses a variety of different mood disorders whose common features are a sad, empty, or irritable mood accompanied by bodily and cognitive changes that significantly affect an individual's ability to function.<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders">{{cite journal|title=Depressive Disorders|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm04}}</ref><ref name="ICD-11-Depressive-Disorders">{{cite journal|title=Depressive Disorders|journal=International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.)|year=2022|url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1563440232 | access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref> These different mood disorders have different durations, timing, or presumed origin. Differentiating normal sadness/grief from a depressive episode requires a careful and meticulous examination. For example: the death of a loved one may cause great suffering, but it does not typically produce a ''medically defined'' depressive episode.<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders"/>

Within the context of psychoactive substance usage, depressivity is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[anxiety]], [[irritability]] and [[cognitive dysphoria|dysphoria]]. It is most commonly induced through prolonged chronic stimulant or depressant use, during the withdrawal symptoms of almost any substance, or during the comedown/crash of a stimulant. It is associated specifically with higher [[alcohol]] consumption.<ref name="ConnerPinquart2009">{{cite journal|last1=Conner|first1=Kenneth R.|last2=Pinquart|first2=Martin|last3=Gamble|first3=Stephanie A.|title=Meta-analysis of depression and substance use among individuals with alcohol use disorders|journal=Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment|volume=37|issue=2|year=2009|pages=127–137|issn=07405472|doi=10.1016/j.jsat.2008.11.007}}</ref> However, it is worth noting that substance-induced depressivity is often much shorter lasting than clinical depression, usually subsiding once the effects or withdrawal symptoms of a drug have ended.

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=== Major Depressive Disorder ===

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is medically recognized as discrete episodes of depressivity lasting at least two weeks ~~(although most episodes last considerably longer)~~.<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders"/> This is the traditional characterization for the term medical term depression.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is medically recognized as discrete episodes of depressivity lasting at least two weeks.<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders"/> It's possible to have a single episode of a depressive disorder,<ref name="ICD-11-Depressive-Disorders"/> but most are recurrent and last for considerably longer timeframes. This is the traditional characterization for the term medical term depression.

=== Dysthymia ===

Dysthymia is medically recognized as a chronic major depressive disorder and is typically diagnosed after two years of continued mood disturbance.<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders"/><ref name="DSM5GlossaryDepression"/>

Dysthymia is medically recognized as a chronic major depressive disorder and is typically diagnosed after two years of continued mood disturbance.<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders"/><ref name="ICD-11-Depressive-Disorders"/><ref name="DSM5GlossaryDepression"/>

=== Acute depressivity ===

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-<onlyinclude>'''Depression''' medically encompasses a large variety of different mood disorders whose common features are a sad, empty, or irritable mood co-occurring with bodily and cognitive changes that significantly disrupt an individual's ability to function.<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders">{{cite journal|title=Depressive Disorders|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm04}}</ref> These different mood disorders have different durations, timing, or presumed origin. However, differentiating normal sadness/grief from a depressive episode requires a careful and meticulous examination. For example: the death of a loved one may cause great suffering, but it does not typically produce a ''medically defined'' depressive episode.<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders"/>
+<onlyinclude>'''Depression''' medically encompasses a variety of different mood disorders whose common features are a sad, empty, or irritable mood accompanied by bodily and cognitive changes that significantly affect an individual's ability to function.<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders">{{cite journal|title=Depressive Disorders|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm04}}</ref><ref name="ICD-11-Depressive-Disorders">{{cite journal|title=Depressive Disorders|journal=International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.)|year=2022|url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1563440232 | access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref> These different mood disorders have different durations, timing, or presumed origin. Differentiating normal sadness/grief from a depressive episode requires a careful and meticulous examination. For example: the death of a loved one may cause great suffering, but it does not typically produce a ''medically defined'' depressive episode.<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders"/>
 Within the context of psychoactive substance usage, depressivity is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[anxiety]], [[irritability]] and [[cognitive dysphoria|dysphoria]]. It is most commonly induced through prolonged chronic stimulant or depressant use, during the withdrawal symptoms of almost any substance, or during the comedown/crash of a stimulant. It is associated specifically with higher [[alcohol]] consumption.<ref name="ConnerPinquart2009">{{cite journal|last1=Conner|first1=Kenneth R.|last2=Pinquart|first2=Martin|last3=Gamble|first3=Stephanie A.|title=Meta-analysis of depression and substance use among individuals with alcohol use disorders|journal=Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment|volume=37|issue=2|year=2009|pages=127–137|issn=07405472|doi=10.1016/j.jsat.2008.11.007}}</ref> However, it is worth noting that substance-induced depressivity is often much shorter lasting than clinical depression, usually subsiding once the effects or withdrawal symptoms of a drug have ended.
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 === Major Depressive Disorder ===
-Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is medically recognized as discrete episodes of depressivity lasting at least two weeks (although most episodes last considerably longer).<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders"/> This is the traditional characterization for the term medical term depression.
+Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is medically recognized as discrete episodes of depressivity lasting at least two weeks.<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders"/> It's possible to have a single episode of a depressive disorder,<ref name="ICD-11-Depressive-Disorders"/> but most are recurrent and last for considerably longer timeframes. This is the traditional characterization for the term medical term depression.
 === Dysthymia ===
-Dysthymia is medically recognized as a chronic major depressive disorder and is typically diagnosed after two years of continued mood disturbance.<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders"/><ref name="DSM5GlossaryDepression"/>
+Dysthymia is medically recognized as a chronic major depressive disorder and is typically diagnosed after two years of continued mood disturbance.<ref name="DSM5DepressiveDisorders"/><ref name="ICD-11-Depressive-Disorders"/><ref name="DSM5GlossaryDepression"/>
 === Acute depressivity ===