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A-PHP: Difference between revisions
>Dextromethorphan copied from aphp |
>Egonaut Fixed the United States Legal Status. Incorrectly stated that the order had expired. More information here: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/07/16/2021-15113/schedules-of-controlled-substances-extension-of-temporary-placement-of-n |
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{{SubstanceBox/A-PHP}} | {{SubstanceBox/A-PHP}} | ||
'''alpha-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone''' (also known as '''PV-7''', '''alpha-PHP''', '''A-PHP''', and '''α-PHP''') is a lesser-known novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class:cathinone]] | '''alpha-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone''' (also known as '''PV-7''', '''alpha-PHP''', '''A-PHP''', and '''α-PHP''') is a lesser-known novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::cathinone]] class. It is structurally related to [[MDPV]] and is one of the successors to the [[designer drug]] [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]] analog [[A-PVP|α-PVP]]. | ||
It is being used and marketed as a replacement for [[α-PVP]] (known on the street as ''flakka'') a few years following its ban, where it has come to substitute α-PVP in many parts of the world. While initially mass synthesized in Chinese industrial laboratories, a ban on α-PHP within China's borders has forced production to nations worldwide.{{citation needed}} | It is being used and marketed as a replacement for [[α-PVP]] (known on the street as ''flakka'') a few years following its ban, where it has come to substitute α-PVP in many parts of the world. While initially mass synthesized in Chinese industrial laboratories, a ban on α-PHP within China's borders has forced production to nations worldwide.{{citation needed}} | ||
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[[Subjective effects]] such as [[euphoria]], [[thought acceleration]], [[disinhibition]] and [[ego inflation]]. It generally comes in the form of either a fine powder or crystallized shards that can produce powerful but short-lived euphoric stimulant effects comparable to those of vaporized [[methamphetamine]] and [[cocaine]]. Like its cathinone predecessors, it is has gained notoriety for its tendency to induce [[compulsive redosing]] and addictive behaviors as well the ability to produce [[Delusions|delusional states]] and [[psychosis]] when abused.{{citation needed}} | [[Subjective effects]] such as [[euphoria]], [[thought acceleration]], [[disinhibition]] and [[ego inflation]]. It generally comes in the form of either a fine powder or crystallized shards that can produce powerful but short-lived euphoric stimulant effects comparable to those of vaporized [[methamphetamine]] and [[cocaine]]. Like its cathinone predecessors, it is has gained notoriety for its tendency to induce [[compulsive redosing]] and addictive behaviors as well the ability to produce [[Delusions|delusional states]] and [[psychosis]] when abused.{{citation needed}} | ||
Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of α-PHP. It has recently become commonly marketed alongside [[research chemical]] [[stimulants]] like [[NEP]] and [[Hexen]] as a legal, grey-market alternative to [[a-PVP]], and | Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of α-PHP. It has recently become commonly marketed alongside [[research chemical]] [[stimulants]] like [[NEP]] and [[Hexen]] as a legal, grey-market alternative to [[a-PVP]], and compropertiesmercially distributed through online [[research chemical]] vendors. | ||
It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance. | It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance. | ||
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==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
The mechanism of action of α-PHP is unknown. Aside from a substantially shorter duration, it is believed to act similarly to the [[designer drug]] [[pentedrone]] and [[α-PVP]], which both act as a potent [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]]s (NDRI) | The mechanism of action of α-PHP is unknown. Aside from a substantially shorter duration, it is believed to act similarly to the [[designer drug]] [[pentedrone]] and [[α-PVP]], which both act as a potent [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]]s (NDRI),<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2602954</ref> although no substantial research on the pharmacology of this compound has yet been conducted. | ||
This means it may effectively boost the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in [[stimulation|stimulating]] and [[physical euphoria|euphoric]] effects. | This means it may effectively boost the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in [[stimulation|stimulating]] and [[physical euphoria|euphoric]] effects. | ||
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{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | {{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | ||
{{effects/base | {{effects/base | ||
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The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include: | The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include: | ||
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]] | *'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]] | ||
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - A euphoria very similar to [[amphetamine]] or [[cocaine]] is present as well as feelings of | *'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - A euphoria very similar to [[amphetamine]] or [[cocaine]] is present as well as feelings of well-being and contentedness which are likely a direct result of serotonin and dopamine accumulation in the brain's reward pathways. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' - Users report that this effect typically only occurs at low doses, and becomes increasingly more impairing as one increases their intake. | *'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' - Users report that this effect typically only occurs at low doses, and becomes increasingly more impairing as one increases their intake. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' & '''[[Effect::Paranoia]]''' - α-PHP can lead to states of extreme anxiety and paranoia when dosed too highly or frequently, which is why eyeballing this substance is strongly discouraged. The anxiety and paranoia this compound produces shares many features of the paranoia that can be induced by [[methamphetamine]] or [[cocaine]], and typically happens during the come down phase of the experience. | *'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' & '''[[Effect::Paranoia]]''' - α-PHP can lead to states of extreme anxiety and paranoia when dosed too highly or frequently, which is why eyeballing this substance is strongly discouraged. The anxiety and paranoia this compound produces shares many features of the paranoia that can be induced by [[methamphetamine]] or [[cocaine]], and typically happens during the come down phase of the experience. | ||
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*'''Switzerland''': α-PHP can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of Cathinone under Verzeichnis E point 1. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> | *'''Switzerland''': α-PHP can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of Cathinone under Verzeichnis E point 1. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> | ||
*'''United Kingdom''': is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.<ref>United Kingdom. (2010). Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (S.I. 2010/1207). London: The Stationery Office Limited. Retrieved February 9, 2018, from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1207/made</ref> | *'''United Kingdom''': is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.<ref>United Kingdom. (2010). Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (S.I. 2010/1207). London: The Stationery Office Limited. Retrieved February 9, 2018, from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1207/made</ref> | ||
*'''United States''': α- | *'''United States''': α-PiHP has been assigned to Schedule I on a Temporary Placement basis. This order, which extends the temporary scheduling order that DEA previously issued for these substances (84 FR 34291, July 18, 2019), is effective July 18, 2021 and expires on July 18, 2022. .<ref><nowiki>{{cite web | title = Schedules of Controlled Substances Extension | url = </nowiki>https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/07/16/2021-15113/schedules-of-controlled-substances-extension-of-temporary-placement-of-n | publisher = Drug Enforcement Administration | access-date = 2022-04-22 |.</ref> As such, the sale or the use of this compound is prohibited. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||