Isopropylphenidate: Difference between revisions

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Isopropylphenidate has been investigated for its potential use as a replacement for [[methylphenidate]] in the treatment of ADHD and related disorders.<ref name="IPPHadhd" /> One study found that it displayed the same basic activity as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] ('''NDRI'''), possessing, along with both [[methylphenidate]] and [[ethylphenidate]], an appreciably high affinity for the dopamine transporter and effects on its cellular reuptake. It displayed comparably minor effects on [[norepinephrine]], however, which was theorized to mean it may possess a more desirable safety and toxicity profile.<ref name="IPPH" />

[[Subjective effects]] include [[stimulation]], [[motivation enhancement]], [[appetite suppression]], and [[euphoria]]. Its cognitive and physical effects are reported to be similar to ~~methlphenidate~~, albeit with less of a [[euphoria|euphoric]] "rush" component and a drawn-out [[duration|duration of action]]. These properties have led some to claim it may be preferable for use as a study-aid or productivity enhancer.<ref name="IPPH">Markowitz, J. S., Zhu, H., & Patrick, K. S. (2013). Isopropylphenidate: An Ester Homolog of Methylphenidate with Sustained and Selective Dopaminergic Activity and Reduced Drug Interaction Liability. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 23(10), 648-654. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2013.0074</ref><ref name="IPPHadhd">John S. Markowitz; Kennerly S. Patrick; Haojie Zhu (Sep 27, 2012). "Patent US20120245201 - Isopropylphenidate for Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Fatigue-Related Disorders and Conditions". Retrieved 15 August 2014.</ref>

[[Subjective effects]] include [[stimulation]], [[motivation enhancement]], [[appetite suppression]], and [[euphoria]]. Its cognitive and physical effects are reported to be similar to methylphenidate, albeit with less of a [[euphoria|euphoric]] "rush" component and a drawn-out [[duration|duration of action]]. These properties have led some to claim it may be preferable for use as a study-aid or productivity enhancer.<ref name="IPPH">Markowitz, J. S., Zhu, H., & Patrick, K. S. (2013). Isopropylphenidate: An Ester Homolog of Methylphenidate with Sustained and Selective Dopaminergic Activity and Reduced Drug Interaction Liability. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 23(10), 648-654. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2013.0074</ref><ref name="IPPHadhd">John S. Markowitz; Kennerly S. Patrick; Haojie Zhu (Sep 27, 2012). "Patent US20120245201 - Isopropylphenidate for Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Fatigue-Related Disorders and Conditions". Retrieved 15 August 2014.</ref>

Isopropylphenidate has an extremely short history of [[recreational drug use|recreational use]] in humans. It was initially released following the banning of [[ethylphenidate]], which on April 2015 became illegal in the United Kingdom following a temporary-then-permanent blanket ban. Shortly after, it became made available for sale on the online gray market as a [[research chemical]] for global distribution. As of 2022, isopropylphenidate continues to remain available and ambiguously legal in many parts of the world, distributed almost exclusively by online [[research chemical]] vendors.

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 Isopropylphenidate has been investigated for its potential use as a replacement for [[methylphenidate]] in the treatment of ADHD and related disorders.<ref name="IPPHadhd" /> One study found that it displayed the same basic activity as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] ('''NDRI'''), possessing, along with both [[methylphenidate]] and [[ethylphenidate]], an appreciably high affinity for the dopamine transporter and effects on its cellular reuptake. It displayed comparably minor effects on [[norepinephrine]], however, which was theorized to mean it may possess a more desirable safety and toxicity profile.<ref name="IPPH" />
-[[Subjective effects]] include [[stimulation]], [[motivation enhancement]], [[appetite suppression]], and [[euphoria]]. Its cognitive and physical effects are reported to be similar to methlphenidate, albeit with less of a [[euphoria|euphoric]] "rush" component and a drawn-out [[duration|duration of action]]. These properties have led some to claim it may be preferable for use as a study-aid or productivity enhancer.<ref name="IPPH">Markowitz, J. S., Zhu, H., & Patrick, K. S. (2013). Isopropylphenidate: An Ester Homolog of Methylphenidate with Sustained and Selective Dopaminergic Activity and Reduced Drug Interaction Liability. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 23(10), 648-654. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2013.0074</ref><ref name="IPPHadhd">John S. Markowitz; Kennerly S. Patrick; Haojie Zhu (Sep 27, 2012). "Patent US20120245201 - Isopropylphenidate for Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Fatigue-Related Disorders and Conditions". Retrieved 15 August 2014.</ref>
+[[Subjective effects]] include [[stimulation]], [[motivation enhancement]], [[appetite suppression]], and [[euphoria]]. Its cognitive and physical effects are reported to be similar to methylphenidate, albeit with less of a [[euphoria|euphoric]] "rush" component and a drawn-out [[duration|duration of action]]. These properties have led some to claim it may be preferable for use as a study-aid or productivity enhancer.<ref name="IPPH">Markowitz, J. S., Zhu, H., & Patrick, K. S. (2013). Isopropylphenidate: An Ester Homolog of Methylphenidate with Sustained and Selective Dopaminergic Activity and Reduced Drug Interaction Liability. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 23(10), 648-654. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2013.0074</ref><ref name="IPPHadhd">John S. Markowitz; Kennerly S. Patrick; Haojie Zhu (Sep 27, 2012). "Patent US20120245201 - Isopropylphenidate for Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Fatigue-Related Disorders and Conditions". Retrieved 15 August 2014.</ref>
 Isopropylphenidate has an extremely short history of [[recreational drug use|recreational use]] in humans. It was initially released following the banning of [[ethylphenidate]], which on April 2015 became illegal in the United Kingdom following a temporary-then-permanent blanket ban. Shortly after, it became made available for sale on the online gray market as a [[research chemical]] for global distribution. As of 2022, isopropylphenidate continues to remain available and ambiguously legal in many parts of the world, distributed almost exclusively by online [[research chemical]] vendors.