Methamphetamine: Difference between revisions

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'''N-Methylamphetamine''' (also known as '''Methamphetamine''', '''Ma''', '''Meth''', '''Glass''', '''Ice''', '''Shard''', '''Crank''', '''Tina''', '''T''', '''Tweak''', '''Yaba''', and '''Crystal'''<ref name="erowid">Erowid. (1992). Erowid Methamphetamine (Speed, Crank) Vault. Retrieved from https://erowid.org/chemicals/meth/meth.shtml</ref>) is a classical [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::amphetamine]] class. It is structurally related to [[amphetamine]]~~; the addition of the methyl group is thought to increase its ability to cross~~ the blood-brain barrier, ~~significantly enhancing~~ its ~~potency~~.~~{{citation needed}}~~ It produces its effects by increasing levels of the [[neurotransmitters]] [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]] in the brain.

'''N-Methylamphetamine''' (also known as '''Methamphetamine''', '''Ma''', '''Meth''', '''Glass''', '''Ice''', '''Shard''', '''Crank''', '''Tina''', '''T''', '''Tweak''', '''Yaba''', and '''Crystal'''<ref name="erowid">Erowid. (1992). Erowid Methamphetamine (Speed, Crank) Vault. Retrieved from https://erowid.org/chemicals/meth/meth.shtml</ref>) is a classical [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::amphetamine]] class. It is structurally related to [[amphetamine]], however it crosses the blood-brain barrier more rapidly, due to its relatively high lipid solubility.<ref>Barr, Alasdair M et al. “The need for speed: an update on methamphetamine addiction.” ''Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN'' vol. 31,5 (2006): 301-13.</ref> It produces its effects by increasing levels of the [[neurotransmitters]] [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]] in the brain.

Methamphetamine was first synthesized from [[ephedrine]] in 1893 by Japanese chemist Nagayoshi Nagai.<ref>Nagai N (1893) Studies on the components of Ephedraceaein herb medicine. Yakugaku Zasshi 139 :901-933</ref> Along with [[heroin]] and [[cocaine]], it has a notorious reputation as a dangerous and highly addictive "street drug".<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4706185/ Galbraith, Niall. “The methamphetamine problem: Commentary on … Psychiatric morbidity and socio-occupational dysfunction in residents of a drug rehabilitation centre.” ''BJPsych bulletin'' vol. 39,5 (2015): 218-20. doi:10.1192/pb.bp.115.050930]</ref>

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 {{SubstanceBox/Methamphetamine}}
-'''N-Methylamphetamine''' (also known as '''Methamphetamine''', '''Ma''', '''Meth''', '''Glass''', '''Ice''', '''Shard''', '''Crank''', '''Tina''', '''T''', '''Tweak''', '''Yaba''', and '''Crystal'''<ref name="erowid">Erowid. (1992). Erowid Methamphetamine (Speed, Crank) Vault. Retrieved from https://erowid.org/chemicals/meth/meth.shtml</ref>) is a classical [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::amphetamine]] class. It is structurally related to [[amphetamine]]; the addition of the methyl group is thought to increase its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, significantly enhancing its potency.{{citation needed}} It produces its effects by increasing levels of the [[neurotransmitters]] [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]] in the brain.
+'''N-Methylamphetamine''' (also known as '''Methamphetamine''', '''Ma''', '''Meth''', '''Glass''', '''Ice''', '''Shard''', '''Crank''', '''Tina''', '''T''', '''Tweak''', '''Yaba''', and '''Crystal'''<ref name="erowid">Erowid. (1992). Erowid Methamphetamine (Speed, Crank) Vault. Retrieved from https://erowid.org/chemicals/meth/meth.shtml</ref>) is a classical [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::amphetamine]] class. It is structurally related to [[amphetamine]], however it crosses the blood-brain barrier more rapidly, due to its relatively high lipid solubility.<ref>Barr, Alasdair M et al. “The need for speed: an update on methamphetamine addiction.” ''Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN'' vol. 31,5 (2006): 301-13.</ref> It produces its effects by increasing levels of the [[neurotransmitters]] [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]] in the brain.
 Methamphetamine was first synthesized from [[ephedrine]] in 1893 by Japanese chemist Nagayoshi Nagai.<ref>Nagai N (1893) Studies on the components of Ephedraceaein herb medicine. Yakugaku Zasshi 139 :901-933</ref> Along with [[heroin]] and [[cocaine]], it has a notorious reputation as a dangerous and highly addictive "street drug".<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4706185/ Galbraith, Niall. “The methamphetamine problem: Commentary on … Psychiatric morbidity and socio-occupational dysfunction in residents of a drug rehabilitation centre.” ''BJPsych bulletin'' vol. 39,5 (2015): 218-20. doi:10.1192/pb.bp.115.050930]</ref>