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Heroin: Difference between revisions
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'''Diacetylmorphine''' or '''morphine diacetate''' (also known as ''' | '''Diacetylmorphine''' or '''morphine diacetate''' (also known as '''heroin''' and colloquially as '''H''', '''dope''', '''smack''', '''junk''', '''brown''', '''boy''', and others) is a semi-synthetic [[psychoactive class::opioid]] substance of the [[chemical class::morphinan]] class. It is a derivative of [[morphine]], a natural product of the opium poppy (''Papaver somniferum'').{{citation needed}} Heroin is known for its highly addictive properties and it makes up a large portion of the illicit traffic in narcotics. | ||
Heroin was first synthesized from morphine by a British chemist in 1874 and was introduced as a commercial product by the Bayer Company of Germany in 1898.<ref>Wright, C.R.A. (1874). "On the Action of Organic Acids and their Anhydrides on the Natural Alkaloids". Journal of the Chemical Society. 27: 1031–1043. doi:10.1039/js8742701031|https://web.archive.org/web/20040606103721/http://adhpage.dilaudid.net/heroin.html</ref> Although the name heroin is a trade name, it has since been widely adopted for all intents and purposes and may describe a recreational depressant that may or may not contain pure diacetylmorphine. | Heroin was first synthesized from morphine by a British chemist in 1874 and was introduced as a commercial product by the Bayer Company of Germany in 1898.<ref>Wright, C.R.A. (1874). "On the Action of Organic Acids and their Anhydrides on the Natural Alkaloids". Journal of the Chemical Society. 27: 1031–1043. doi:10.1039/js8742701031|https://web.archive.org/web/20040606103721/http://adhpage.dilaudid.net/heroin.html</ref> Although the name heroin is a trade name, it has since been widely adopted for all intents and purposes and may describe a recreational depressant that may or may not contain pure diacetylmorphine. | ||
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*'''Brazil:''' Heroin is listed as a controlled substance, making the production, distribution, or possession illegal. {{citation needed}} | *'''Brazil:''' Heroin is listed as a controlled substance, making the production, distribution, or possession illegal. {{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Canada:''' Heroin is a Schedule I substance in Canada. However, a unanimous Supreme Court decision in 2011 declared that there is a right under Section 7 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms to have access to clean injection sites.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-15130282, and http://scc.lexum.org/en/2011/2011scc44/2011scc44.html</ref> | *'''Canada:''' Heroin is a Schedule I substance in Canada. However, a unanimous Supreme Court decision in 2011 declared that there is a right under Section 7 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms to have access to clean injection sites.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-15130282, and http://scc.lexum.org/en/2011/2011scc44/2011scc44.html</ref> | ||
*'''Czech Republic:''' The Czech Republic has decriminalized 1.5g or less of heroin and the punishment is similar in scale to a parking ticket. Sales, production, and larger quantity possession are still crimes.<ref>http://www.praguepost.com/news/3194-new-drug-guidelines-are-europes-most-liberal.html</ref> | *'''Czech Republic:''' The Czech Republic has decriminalized 1.5g or less of heroin and the punishment is similar in scale to a parking ticket. Sales, production, and larger quantity possession are however still considered crimes.<ref>http://www.praguepost.com/news/3194-new-drug-guidelines-are-europes-most-liberal.html</ref> | ||
*'''Finland:''' Heroin is a controlled substance, making the production, distribution, and possession illegal without a license.{{citation needed}} | *'''Finland:''' Heroin is a controlled substance, making the production, distribution, and possession illegal without a license.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Germany:''' Heroin is controlled under BtMG Anlage I, II and III, making it illegal to manufacture, import, possess, sell, or transfer it without a license. There is an exception for preparations, that are approved for addiction treatment, which can be prescribed on a narcotic prescription form.<ref>http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html</ref><ref>http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html</ref><ref>http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_iii.html</ref> | *'''Germany:''' Heroin is controlled under BtMG Anlage I, II and III, making it illegal to manufacture, import, possess, sell, or transfer it without a license. There is an exception for preparations, that are approved for addiction treatment, which can be prescribed on a narcotic prescription form.<ref>http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html</ref><ref>http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html</ref><ref>http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_iii.html</ref> | ||