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Serotonin: Difference between revisions
>Unity →Serotonin syndrome: Grammatics |
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Serotonin syndrome, also known as serotonin toxicity, is not known to occur naturally without the introduction of a pharmaceutical or supplemental agent. However, serotonin syndrome is known to develop from naturally occurring compounds such as St. John's Wort, a treatment for depression, due to its similarities to already existing antidepressants. Excess amounts of serotonin in the brain is primarily caused by the concurrent use of two or more serotonin acting drugs.<ref>Lane, R., & Baldwin, D. (1997). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced serotonin syndrome. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 17(3), 208-221.https://doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199706000-00012</ref> | Serotonin syndrome, also known as serotonin toxicity, is not known to occur naturally without the introduction of a pharmaceutical or supplemental agent. However, serotonin syndrome is known to develop from naturally occurring compounds such as St. John's Wort, a treatment for depression, due to its similarities to already existing antidepressants. Excess amounts of serotonin in the brain is primarily caused by the concurrent use of two or more serotonin acting drugs.<ref>Lane, R., & Baldwin, D. (1997). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced serotonin syndrome. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 17(3), 208-221.https://doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199706000-00012</ref> | ||
An example that may result in serotonin syndrome would include taking two antidepressants in combination such as Escitalopram (Lexapro) with Duloxetine (Cymbalta), since both drugs act on some of the same receptors they may cause serotonin syndrome. Another example would be taking a prescription antidepressant in combination with an over the counter cough suppressant such as [[ | An example that may result in serotonin syndrome would include taking two antidepressants in combination such as Escitalopram (Lexapro) with Duloxetine (Cymbalta), since both drugs act on some of the same receptors they may cause serotonin syndrome. | ||
Another example would be taking a prescription antidepressant in combination with an over the counter cough suppressant such as [[dextromethorphan]].<ref>Monte, A. A., Chuang, R., & Bodmer, M. (2010). Dextromethorphan, chlorphenamine and serotonin toxicity: case report and systematic literature review. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 70(6), 794-798.https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2125.2010.03747.x</ref><ref>Schwartz, A. R., Pizon, A. F., & Brooks, D. E. (2008). Dextromethorphan-induced serotonin syndrome. Clinical Toxicology, 46(8), 771-773.https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650701668625</ref>The number of possibly dangerous combinations are numerous. If you are currently taking an antidepressant or are considering taking a new substance, ensure that no dangerous interactions exist. | |||
Symptoms can start showing within hours and can include: increased or irregular heart rate, tremors, low-grade fever to fevers at or over 41°C (105.8°F), sweating, anxiety, hyperthermia, shivering, high blood pressure, restlessness, dilation of the pupils, overactive or over responsive reflexes, agitation, confusion, death of muscle fibers, clotting of small blood vessels, increase in body acidity, delirium, renal (kidney) failure, coma and rarely death.<ref>Frank, C. (2008). Recognition and treatment of serotonin syndrome. Canadian Family Physician, 54(7), 988-992.</ref>Symptoms in minor cases may resolves within days, moderate cases may resolve within weeks, and in severe cases permanent damage or death may occur. | Symptoms can start showing within hours and can include: increased or irregular heart rate, tremors, low-grade fever to fevers at or over 41°C (105.8°F), sweating, anxiety, hyperthermia, shivering, high blood pressure, restlessness, dilation of the pupils, overactive or over responsive reflexes, agitation, confusion, death of muscle fibers, clotting of small blood vessels, increase in body acidity, delirium, renal (kidney) failure, coma and rarely death.<ref>Frank, C. (2008). Recognition and treatment of serotonin syndrome. Canadian Family Physician, 54(7), 988-992.</ref>Symptoms in minor cases may resolves within days, moderate cases may resolve within weeks, and in severe cases permanent damage or death may occur. | ||