Promethazine: Difference between revisions

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'''Promethazine''' (commonly sold as '''Phenergan''' or '''Lergigan,''' ~~and popularly known as one of the two active ingredients in "lean"~~) is a ~~first-generation~~ [[psychoactive class::~~antihistamine~~]] of the [[chemical class::phenothiazine]] ~~chemical~~ class ~~that produces [[muscle relaxation|muscle relaxing]]~~, [[~~nausea suppression|nausea relieving]] and strong [[sedation|sedative]] effects when [[administered~~]]~~. It also reduces motion sickness and has anticholinergic properties~~.

'''Promethazine''' (commonly sold as '''Phenergan''' or '''Lergigan''') is a [[psychoactive class::depressant]] substance of the [[chemical class::phenothiazine]] class. Alongside codeine, it is popularly known as one of the active two ingredients in "lean". It acts as an [[antihistamine]].

Promethazine was developed in the mid-1940s ~~when a team of scientists from Rhône-Poulenc laboratories was able to synthesize it from phenothiazine and a diamine side chain of diphenhydramine~~.<ref>Li, Jie Jack (2006). Laughing Gas, Viagra, and Lipitor: The Human Stories behind the Drugs We Use. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 146. ISBN 9780199885282. Retrieved July 9, 2016.</ref> It ~~was previously~~ used ~~as an antipsychotic,~~<ref>~~https://web~~.~~archive~~.~~org/web/20110718172715/http~~:~~//www~~.~~cja-jca.org/cgi/reprint/~~6~~/4/375.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF~~) ~~on July 18~~, ~~2011~~. ~~Retrieved October 30, 2008~~</ref> ~~although it is generally not administered for this purpose now. It has approximately 1/10 of the antipsychotic strength of chlorpromazine.~~

Promethazine was developed in the mid-1940s by French chemists.<ref>Li, Jie Jack (2006). Laughing Gas, Viagra, and Lipitor: The Human Stories behind the Drugs We Use. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 146. ISBN 9780199885282. Retrieved July 9, 2016.</ref> Today, it is available in many countries under many brand names.

[[Subjective effects]] include [[muscle relaxation]], [[nausea suppression]], and strong [[sedation]]. It also reduces motion sickness and has anticholinergic properties.

Promethazine has been shown to have quality [[hypnotic]] effects and is sometimes used for this purpose.<ref>Adam K & Oswald, I. (1986). The hypnotic effects of an antihistamine: promethazine. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 22(6), 715-717.</ref>

~~Today, promethazine~~ is ~~available in many countries under many brand names. Promethazine has been shown~~ to ~~have quality [[hypnotic]] effects and is sometimes used for~~ this ~~purpose.<ref>Adam K & Oswald, I. (1986). The hypnotic effects of an antihistamine: promethazine. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 22(6), 715-717~~.~~</ref>~~

It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance.

==History and culture==

Promethazine became popular among the Houston rap and hip-hop scene in around 1990<ref>(2005) Tamara Palmer. Country Fried Soul: Adventures in Dirty South Hip-Hop</ref>, and the trend resurfaced in around 2015 to 2016. Often, it was combined with the opiate drug [[codeine]] in a preparation called "lean." Lean usually consists of ice, Sprite or a citrus soda, the promethazine/codeine cough syrup, and occasionally jolly ranchers for enhanced flavor.

Promethazine was developed in the mid-1940s when a team of scientists from Rhône-Poulenc laboratories was able to synthesize it from phenothiazine and a diamine side chain of diphenhydramine.<ref>Li, Jie Jack (2006). Laughing Gas, Viagra, and Lipitor: The Human Stories behind the Drugs We Use. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 146. ISBN 9780199885282. Retrieved July 9, 2016.</ref> It was previously used as an antipsychotic,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110718172715/http://www.cja-jca.org/cgi/reprint/6/4/375.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2008</ref> although it is generally not administered for this purpose now. It has approximately 1/10 of the antipsychotic strength of chlorpromazine.

It became popular among the Houston rap and hip-hop scene in around 1990<ref>(2005) Tamara Palmer. Country Fried Soul: Adventures in Dirty South Hip-Hop</ref>, and the trend resurfaced in around 2015 to 2016. Often, it was combined with the opiate drug [[codeine]] in a preparation called "lean." Lean usually consists of ice, Sprite or a citrus soda, the promethazine/codeine cough syrup, and occasionally jolly ranchers for enhanced flavor.

==Chemistry==

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 {{Talk:SubstanceBox/Promethazine}}
-'''Promethazine''' (commonly sold as '''Phenergan''' or '''Lergigan,''' and popularly known as one of the two active ingredients in "lean") is a first-generation [[psychoactive class::antihistamine]] of the [[chemical class::phenothiazine]] chemical class that produces [[muscle relaxation|muscle relaxing]], [[nausea suppression|nausea relieving]] and strong [[sedation|sedative]] effects when [[administered]]. It also reduces motion sickness and has anticholinergic properties.
+'''Promethazine''' (commonly sold as '''Phenergan''' or '''Lergigan''') is a [[psychoactive class::depressant]] substance of the [[chemical class::phenothiazine]] class. Alongside codeine, it is popularly known as one of the active two ingredients in "lean". It acts as an [[antihistamine]].
-Promethazine was developed in the mid-1940s when a team of scientists from Rhône-Poulenc laboratories was able to synthesize it from phenothiazine and a diamine side chain of diphenhydramine.<ref>Li, Jie Jack (2006). Laughing Gas, Viagra, and Lipitor: The Human Stories behind the Drugs We Use. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 146. ISBN 9780199885282. Retrieved July 9, 2016.</ref> It was previously used as an antipsychotic,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110718172715/http://www.cja-jca.org/cgi/reprint/6/4/375.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2008</ref> although it is generally not administered for this purpose now. It has approximately 1/10 of the antipsychotic strength of chlorpromazine.
+Promethazine was developed in the mid-1940s by French chemists.<ref>Li, Jie Jack (2006). Laughing Gas, Viagra, and Lipitor: The Human Stories behind the Drugs We Use. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 146. ISBN 9780199885282. Retrieved July 9, 2016.</ref> Today, it is available in many countries under many brand names.
+[[Subjective effects]] include [[muscle relaxation]], [[nausea suppression]], and strong [[sedation]]. It also reduces motion sickness and has anticholinergic properties.
+Promethazine has been shown to have quality [[hypnotic]] effects and is sometimes used for this purpose.<ref>Adam K & Oswald, I. (1986). The hypnotic effects of an antihistamine: promethazine. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 22(6), 715-717.</ref>
-Today, promethazine is available in many countries under many brand names. Promethazine has been shown to have quality [[hypnotic]] effects and is sometimes used for this purpose.<ref>Adam K & Oswald, I. (1986). The hypnotic effects of an antihistamine: promethazine. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 22(6), 715-717.</ref>
+It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
 ==History and culture==
 {{historyStub}}
-Promethazine became popular among the Houston rap and hip-hop scene in around 1990<ref>(2005) Tamara Palmer. Country Fried Soul: Adventures in Dirty South Hip-Hop</ref>, and the trend resurfaced in around 2015 to 2016. Often, it was combined with the opiate drug [[codeine]] in a preparation called "lean." Lean usually consists of ice, Sprite or a citrus soda, the promethazine/codeine cough syrup, and occasionally jolly ranchers for enhanced flavor.
+Promethazine was developed in the mid-1940s when a team of scientists from Rhône-Poulenc laboratories was able to synthesize it from phenothiazine and a diamine side chain of diphenhydramine.<ref>Li, Jie Jack (2006). Laughing Gas, Viagra, and Lipitor: The Human Stories behind the Drugs We Use. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 146. ISBN 9780199885282. Retrieved July 9, 2016.</ref> It was previously used as an antipsychotic,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110718172715/http://www.cja-jca.org/cgi/reprint/6/4/375.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2008</ref> although it is generally not administered for this purpose now. It has approximately 1/10 of the antipsychotic strength of chlorpromazine.
+It became popular among the Houston rap and hip-hop scene in around 1990<ref>(2005) Tamara Palmer. Country Fried Soul: Adventures in Dirty South Hip-Hop</ref>, and the trend resurfaced in around 2015 to 2016. Often, it was combined with the opiate drug [[codeine]] in a preparation called "lean." Lean usually consists of ice, Sprite or a citrus soda, the promethazine/codeine cough syrup, and occasionally jolly ranchers for enhanced flavor.
 ==Chemistry==
 {{chemistry}}