2C-B: Difference between revisions

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'''4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine''' (also known as '''Nexus''', '''Bromo Mescaline''', '''BDMPEA''', '''Venus''', and '''2C-B''') is a novel [[Psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::phenethylamine]] class.

It is the most well-known member of the [[2C-x family]] ~~of psychedelic phenethylamines~~, which are ~~chemically~~ related to the classical psychedelic [[mescaline]]. It is thought to produce its effects by binding to [[serotonin]] [[receptors]] in the brain~~; however~~, the precise mechanism of action is not known.

It is perhaps the most well-known member of the [[2C-x family]], which are structurally related to the classical psychedelic [[mescaline]]. It is thought to produce its effects by binding to [[serotonin]] [[receptors]] in the brain, although the precise mechanism of action is not known.

2C-B was discovered in 1974 by the American chemist [[Alexander Shulgin]], who ~~documented its synthesis and subjective effects in the 1991 book [[PiHKAL]] ("Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved")~~.<ref name="PiHKAL">{{cite book|title=PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story|title-link=PiHKAL|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|author1=Alexander Shulgin|author2=Ann Shulgin|year=1991|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0963009605|oclc=1166889264|chapter-url=https://erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal020.shtml|chapter=#20. 2C-B}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shulgin|first1=A. T.|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|last2=Carter|first2=M. F.|title=Centrally active phenethylamines|journal=Psychopharmacology Communications|year=1975|volume=1|issue=1|pages=93–98|pmid=1223994|issn=0098-616X|oclc=924603662}}</ref>

2C-B was discovered in 1974 by the American chemist [[Alexander Shulgin]], who was investigating psychedelic phenethylamines derived from mescaline.<ref name="PiHKAL">{{cite book|title=PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story|title-link=PiHKAL|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|author1=Alexander Shulgin|author2=Ann Shulgin|year=1991|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0963009605|oclc=1166889264|chapter-url=https://erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal020.shtml|chapter=#20. 2C-B}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shulgin|first1=A. T.|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|last2=Carter|first2=M. F.|title=Centrally active phenethylamines|journal=Psychopharmacology Communications|year=1975|volume=1|issue=1|pages=93–98|pmid=1223994|issn=0098-616X|oclc=924603662}}</ref>

In the 1970s, it first saw use as a therapeutic aid by a small circle of American psychotherapists and was considered one of the best substances for this purpose due to its short duration, relative absence of side effects, and comparably mild nature.<ref>{{cite web|title=2C-B: Effects|url=http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2cb/2cb_effects.shtml|publisher=Erowid|access-date=February 10, 2020|orig-year=Modified 2015|date=February 12, 1998}}</ref>

Recreational use was observed shortly afterward and it was briefly manufactured and sold commercially under such names as "Erox" and "Nexus" in "head" / "smart" shops and adult video stores before being federally scheduled in 1995.<ref name="DEA2001">{{cite web|title=2C-B (Nexus) Reappears on the Club Drug Scene|url=http://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs0/665/665p.pdf|work=Information Bulletin|date=May 2001|publisher=Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)|id=2001-L0424-002}}</ref>

[[Subjective effects]] include [[geometry|open and closed-eye visuals]], [[time distortion]], [[euphoria]], and [[ego loss]]. User reports have described the effects of 2C-B as moderate, warm, colorful, and highly sensual. Similar to [[mescaline]], it is described as possessing a less serious or grandiose headspace than [[tryptamines]] like [[LSD]] or [[psilocybin mushrooms]], placing greater emphasis on the visual and tactile domain. Smaller doses (under 15 mg) are reported to be useful as a sensory and aesthetic enhancer (in a manner somewhat similar to [[MDMA]]) while larger doses are reported to produce a distinct mind-manifesting psychedelic effect.

[[Subjective effects]] include [[geometry|open and closed-eye visuals]], [[time distortion]], [[euphoria]], and [[ego loss]]. User reports have described the effects of 2C-B as moderate, warm, colorful, and highly sensual. Similar to [[mescaline]], it is described as possessing a less serious or grandiose headspace than [[tryptamines]] like [[LSD]] or [[psilocybin mushrooms]], placing greater emphasis on the visual and tactile domain.

It is ~~considered~~ to be physiologically well-tolerated ~~and likely has~~ a [[Psychedelics#Toxicity and harm potential|safety profile similar to classical psychedelics]], which are known to have low abuse potential and toxicity. However, ~~more research is needed~~ to ~~confidently understand~~ the ~~potential toxicity~~ and ~~risks of this substance~~. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.

Smaller doses (under 15 mg) are reported to be useful as a sensory and aesthetic enhancer (in a manner somewhat similar to [[MDMA]]) while larger doses are reported to produce a distinct mind-manifesting psychedelic effect.

While more research is needed, it is generally thought to be physiologically well-tolerated, with a [[Psychedelics#Toxicity and harm potential|safety profile similar to classical psychedelics]], which are known to have low abuse potential and toxicity. However, adverse psychological reactions such as severe [[anxiety]], [[paranoia]], [[delusions]], [[psychosis]] are always possible, particularly for those predisposed to mental disorders.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Strassmann|first=Rick|title=Adverse reactions to psychedelic drugs. A review of the literature|journal=Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease|volume=172|issue=10|pages=577–595|doi=10.1097/00005053-198410000-00001|pmid=6384428|year=1984|issn=0022-3018|oclc=1754691}}</ref>

It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.

==History and culture==

2C-B was first synthesized and tested for psychoactivity in 1974 by the American chemist and psychedelic researcher [[Alexander Shulgin]], who was investigating novel psychedelic compounds based on the chemical structure of [[mescaline]]. ~~His~~ findings were later published in the 1991 book [[PiHKAL]], in which he listed 2C-B among the "magical half-dozen" of [[psychedelic]] [[phenethylamines]] that he deemed most important.<ref name="PiHKAL" /> The list consists of [[mescaline]], [[DOM]], 2C-B, [[2C-E]], [[2C-T-2]], and [[2C-T-7]].<ref>{{cite book|title=PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|author1=Alexander Shulgin|author2=Ann Shulgin|year=1991|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0963009605|oclc=1166889264|url=https://erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal.shtml}}</ref> In interviews, Shulgin repeatedly declared it his favorite psychedelic trip.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/self-experimenter-chemist-explores-new-psychedelics/|title=Self-Experimenters: Psychedelic Chemist Explores the Surreality of Inner Space, One Drug at a Time|author=David Biello|date=March 20, 2008|issn=0036-8733|eissn=1946-7087|magazine=Scientific American|publisher=Nature Publishing Group|access-date=October 10, 2020}}</ref>

2C-B was first synthesized and tested for psychoactivity in 1974 by the American chemist and psychedelic researcher [[Alexander Shulgin]], who was investigating novel psychedelic compounds based on the chemical structure of [[mescaline]].

Shulgin's findings were later published in the 1991 book [[PiHKAL]], in which he listed 2C-B among the "magical half-dozen" of [[psychedelic]] [[phenethylamines]] that he deemed most important.<ref name="PiHKAL" /> The list consists of [[mescaline]], [[DOM]], 2C-B, [[2C-E]], [[2C-T-2]], and [[2C-T-7]].<ref>{{cite book|title=PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|author1=Alexander Shulgin|author2=Ann Shulgin|year=1991|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0963009605|oclc=1166889264|url=https://erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal.shtml}}</ref> In interviews, Shulgin repeatedly declared it his favorite psychedelic trip.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/self-experimenter-chemist-explores-new-psychedelics/|title=Self-Experimenters: Psychedelic Chemist Explores the Surreality of Inner Space, One Drug at a Time|author=David Biello|date=March 20, 2008|issn=0036-8733|eissn=1946-7087|magazine=Scientific American|publisher=Nature Publishing Group|access-date=October 10, 2020}}</ref>

In the 1970s, it was used in patients by a small number of psychotherapists in the United States. These therapists reported that it created a warm, empathetic bond between them and their patients, helping to break down their ego defenses and inner resistances and allowing the patient to get in touch with suppressed emotions and repressed memories. The gentle nature of 2C-B, in addition to its mild side effects and short duration, were found to be desirable traits for a therapeutic setting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/2c-b-nexus|title=2C-B (Nexus)|website=Encyclopedia.com|access-date=October 10, 2020}}</ref>

Shortly after gaining traction in the underground psychotherapy community, 2C-B became popular in the recreational drug scene. It was well-liked as a [[MDMA]] substitute in raves and club parties due to its minimal comedown and a clear, euphoric headspace. In the 1980s and early 1990s, several foreign companies legally manufactured the substance under the brand names "Nexus", "Erox", and "Performax" and advertised that it would alleviate impotence, frigidity, and diminished libido. It was sold at adult book and video stores, "head" shops, and some nightclubs. The DEA reported its distribution in Miami, Florida in the form of yellow pills marketed as an aphrodisiac.{{citation needed}}

Shortly after gaining traction in the underground psychotherapy community, 2C-B became popular in the recreational drug scene. It was well-liked as a [[MDMA]] substitute in raves and club parties due to its minimal comedown and a clear, euphoric headspace.

In the 1980s and early 1990s, several foreign companies legally manufactured the substance under the brand names "Nexus", "Erox", and "Performax" and advertised that it would alleviate impotence, frigidity, and diminished libido. It was sold at adult book and video stores, "head" shops, and some nightclubs. The DEA reported its distribution in Miami, Florida in the form of yellow pills marketed as an aphrodisiac.{{citation needed}}

In the United States, it gained popularity as an alternative to MDMA after the latter was classified as a Schedule I substance in 1985. The increasing popularity of 2C-B led to it also being placed in Schedule I in 1995.<ref name="DEA2001" /> It saw a resurgence in interest in the 2000s, with the advent of the [[research chemicals|"research chemicals"]]/"designer drugs" scene and darknet markets.

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{SubstanceBox/2C-B}}
 '''4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine''' (also known as '''Nexus''', '''Bromo Mescaline''', '''BDMPEA''', '''Venus''', and '''2C-B''') is a novel [[Psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::phenethylamine]] class.
-It is the most well-known member of the [[2C-x family]] of psychedelic phenethylamines, which are chemically related to the classical psychedelic [[mescaline]]. It is thought to produce its effects by binding to [[serotonin]] [[receptors]] in the brain; however, the precise mechanism of action is not known.
+It is perhaps the most well-known member of the [[2C-x family]], which are structurally related to the classical psychedelic [[mescaline]]. It is thought to produce its effects by binding to [[serotonin]] [[receptors]] in the brain, although the precise mechanism of action is not known.
-C-B was discovered in 1974 by the American chemist [[Alexander Shulgin]], who documented its synthesis and subjective effects in the 1991 book [[PiHKAL]] ("Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved").<ref name="PiHKAL">{{cite book|title=PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story|title-link=PiHKAL|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|author1=Alexander Shulgin|author2=Ann Shulgin|year=1991|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0963009605|oclc=1166889264|chapter-url=https://erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal020.shtml|chapter=#20. 2C-B}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shulgin|first1=A. T.|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|last2=Carter|first2=M. F.|title=Centrally active phenethylamines|journal=Psychopharmacology Communications|year=1975|volume=1|issue=1|pages=93–98|pmid=1223994|issn=0098-616X|oclc=924603662}}</ref>
+C-B was discovered in 1974 by the American chemist [[Alexander Shulgin]], who was investigating psychedelic phenethylamines derived from mescaline.<ref name="PiHKAL">{{cite book|title=PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story|title-link=PiHKAL|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|author1=Alexander Shulgin|author2=Ann Shulgin|year=1991|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0963009605|oclc=1166889264|chapter-url=https://erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal020.shtml|chapter=#20. 2C-B}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shulgin|first1=A. T.|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|last2=Carter|first2=M. F.|title=Centrally active phenethylamines|journal=Psychopharmacology Communications|year=1975|volume=1|issue=1|pages=93–98|pmid=1223994|issn=0098-616X|oclc=924603662}}</ref>
 In the 1970s, it first saw use as a therapeutic aid by a small circle of American psychotherapists and was considered one of the best substances for this purpose due to its short duration, relative absence of side effects, and comparably mild nature.<ref>{{cite web|title=2C-B: Effects|url=http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2cb/2cb_effects.shtml|publisher=Erowid|access-date=February 10, 2020|orig-year=Modified 2015|date=February 12, 1998}}</ref>
 Recreational use was observed shortly afterward and it was briefly manufactured and sold commercially under such names as "Erox" and "Nexus" in "head" / "smart" shops and adult video stores before being federally scheduled in 1995.<ref name="DEA2001">{{cite web|title=2C-B (Nexus) Reappears on the Club Drug Scene|url=http://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs0/665/665p.pdf|work=Information Bulletin|date=May 2001|publisher=Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)|id=2001-L0424-002}}</ref>
-[[Subjective effects]] include [[geometry|open and closed-eye visuals]], [[time distortion]], [[euphoria]], and [[ego loss]]. User reports have described the effects of 2C-B as moderate, warm, colorful, and highly sensual. Similar to [[mescaline]], it is described as possessing a less serious or grandiose headspace than [[tryptamines]] like [[LSD]] or [[psilocybin mushrooms]], placing greater emphasis on the visual and tactile domain. Smaller doses (under 15 mg) are reported to be useful as a sensory and aesthetic enhancer (in a manner somewhat similar to [[MDMA]]) while larger doses are reported to produce a distinct mind-manifesting psychedelic effect.
+[[Subjective effects]] include [[geometry|open and closed-eye visuals]], [[time distortion]], [[euphoria]], and [[ego loss]]. User reports have described the effects of 2C-B as moderate, warm, colorful, and highly sensual. Similar to [[mescaline]], it is described as possessing a less serious or grandiose headspace than [[tryptamines]] like [[LSD]] or [[psilocybin mushrooms]], placing greater emphasis on the visual and tactile domain.
-It is considered to be physiologically well-tolerated and likely has a [[Psychedelics#Toxicity and harm potential|safety profile similar to classical psychedelics]], which are known to have low abuse potential and toxicity. However, more research is needed to confidently understand the potential toxicity and risks of this substance. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.
+Smaller doses (under 15 mg) are reported to be useful as a sensory and aesthetic enhancer (in a manner somewhat similar to [[MDMA]]) while larger doses are reported to produce a distinct mind-manifesting psychedelic effect.
+While more research is needed, it is generally thought to be physiologically well-tolerated, with a [[Psychedelics#Toxicity and harm potential|safety profile similar to classical psychedelics]], which are known to have low abuse potential and toxicity. However, adverse psychological reactions such as severe [[anxiety]], [[paranoia]], [[delusions]], [[psychosis]] are always possible, particularly for those predisposed to mental  disorders.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Strassmann|first=Rick|title=Adverse reactions to psychedelic drugs. A review of the literature|journal=Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease|volume=172|issue=10|pages=577–595|doi=10.1097/00005053-198410000-00001|pmid=6384428|year=1984|issn=0022-3018|oclc=1754691}}</ref>
+It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.
 ==History and culture==
-C-B was first synthesized and tested for psychoactivity in 1974 by the American chemist and psychedelic researcher [[Alexander Shulgin]], who was investigating novel psychedelic compounds based on the chemical structure of [[mescaline]]. His findings were later published in the 1991 book [[PiHKAL]], in which he listed 2C-B among the "magical half-dozen" of [[psychedelic]] [[phenethylamines]] that he deemed most important.<ref name="PiHKAL" /> The list consists of [[mescaline]], [[DOM]], 2C-B, [[2C-E]], [[2C-T-2]], and [[2C-T-7]].<ref>{{cite book|title=PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|author1=Alexander Shulgin|author2=Ann Shulgin|year=1991|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0963009605|oclc=1166889264|url=https://erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal.shtml}}</ref> In interviews, Shulgin repeatedly declared it his favorite psychedelic trip.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/self-experimenter-chemist-explores-new-psychedelics/|title=Self-Experimenters: Psychedelic Chemist Explores the Surreality of Inner Space, One Drug at a Time|author=David Biello|date=March 20, 2008|issn=0036-8733|eissn=1946-7087|magazine=Scientific American|publisher=Nature Publishing Group|access-date=October 10, 2020}}</ref>
+C-B was first synthesized and tested for psychoactivity in 1974 by the American chemist and psychedelic researcher [[Alexander Shulgin]], who was investigating novel psychedelic compounds based on the chemical structure of [[mescaline]].
+Shulgin's findings were later published in the 1991 book [[PiHKAL]], in which he listed 2C-B among the "magical half-dozen" of [[psychedelic]] [[phenethylamines]] that he deemed most important.<ref name="PiHKAL" /> The list consists of [[mescaline]], [[DOM]], 2C-B, [[2C-E]], [[2C-T-2]], and [[2C-T-7]].<ref>{{cite book|title=PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|author1=Alexander Shulgin|author2=Ann Shulgin|year=1991|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0963009605|oclc=1166889264|url=https://erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal.shtml}}</ref> In interviews, Shulgin repeatedly declared it his favorite psychedelic trip.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/self-experimenter-chemist-explores-new-psychedelics/|title=Self-Experimenters: Psychedelic Chemist Explores the Surreality of Inner Space, One Drug at a Time|author=David Biello|date=March 20, 2008|issn=0036-8733|eissn=1946-7087|magazine=Scientific American|publisher=Nature Publishing Group|access-date=October 10, 2020}}</ref>
 In the 1970s, it was used in patients by a small number of psychotherapists in the United States. These therapists reported that it created a warm, empathetic bond between them and their patients, helping to break down their ego defenses and inner resistances and allowing the patient to get in touch with suppressed emotions and repressed memories. The gentle nature of 2C-B, in addition to its mild side effects and short duration, were found to be desirable traits for a therapeutic setting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/2c-b-nexus|title=2C-B (Nexus)|website=Encyclopedia.com|access-date=October 10, 2020}}</ref>
-Shortly after gaining traction in the underground psychotherapy community, 2C-B became popular in the recreational drug scene. It was well-liked as a [[MDMA]] substitute in raves and club parties due to its minimal comedown and a clear, euphoric headspace. In the 1980s and early 1990s, several foreign companies legally manufactured the substance under the brand names "Nexus", "Erox", and "Performax" and advertised that it would alleviate impotence, frigidity, and diminished libido. It was sold at adult book and video stores, "head" shops, and some nightclubs. The DEA reported its distribution in Miami, Florida in the form of yellow pills marketed as an aphrodisiac.{{citation needed}}
+Shortly after gaining traction in the underground psychotherapy community, 2C-B became popular in the recreational drug scene. It was well-liked as a [[MDMA]] substitute in raves and club parties due to its minimal comedown and a clear, euphoric headspace.
+In the 1980s and early 1990s, several foreign companies legally manufactured the substance under the brand names "Nexus", "Erox", and "Performax" and advertised that it would alleviate impotence, frigidity, and diminished libido. It was sold at adult book and video stores, "head" shops, and some nightclubs. The DEA reported its distribution in Miami, Florida in the form of yellow pills marketed as an aphrodisiac.{{citation needed}}
 In the United States, it gained popularity as an alternative to MDMA after the latter was classified as a Schedule I substance in 1985. The increasing popularity of 2C-B led to it also being placed in Schedule I in 1995.<ref name="DEA2001" /> It saw a resurgence in interest in the 2000s, with the advent of the [[research chemicals|"research chemicals"]]/"designer drugs" scene and darknet markets.