SAM-e: Difference between revisions

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'''S-Adenosyl-L-methionine''' (also called '''S-Adenosyl methionine''', '''Ademethionine''' and commonly as '''SAMe''' and '''SAM-e''') is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation in biological organisms.<ref>Homocysteine. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10762063</ref> SAMe is ~~the~~ amino acid methionine bound to an ~~adenosine~~ molecule that circulates in the blood naturally and acts as a 'methyl donor'. A methyl group in chemistry is simply a carbon molecule (bound to some hydrogens), and donating a methyl group to other molecules can accelerate or preserve reactions in the body as a form of metabolic 'maintenance'.{{citation needed}}

'''S-Adenosyl-L-methionine''' (also called '''S-Adenosyl methionine''', '''Ademethionine''' and commonly as '''SAMe''' and '''SAM-e''') is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation in biological organisms.<ref>Homocysteine. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10762063</ref> SAMe is an amino acid methionine bound to an ATP molecule that circulates in the blood naturally and acts as a 'methyl donor'. A methyl group in chemistry is simply a carbon molecule (bound to some hydrogens), and donating a methyl group to other molecules can accelerate or preserve reactions in the body as a form of metabolic 'maintenance'.{{citation needed}}

SAM-e is available over the counter and by prescription in the treatment of depression and osteoarthritis. It is generally distributed in enteric-coated tablets, which allows the supplement to pass through the low pH environment of the stomach to the gastrointestinal tract, raising the bioavaliability by 600%.<ref>Bioavailability of S-adenosyl methionine and impact on response in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in major depressive disorder. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4156851/</ref>

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SAM-e is an [[endogenous]] molecule that has numerous roles including methyl donation in neurotransmitter synthesis, antioxidative effects (radical scavenging, glutathione precursor), anti-inflammatory effects, and neuroprotective effects.<ref>Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of depression: a review of the evidence. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12420702/</ref>

~~SAME~~-e, in addition to providing ATP to the cell, also can convert nicotinamine into N-methyl-nicotinamide (NMNA) via nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, NMNA which can prevent choline efflux from the brain and neuron, a process which may account for some of SAM-e's [[nootropic]] effects.<ref>Nicotinamide homeostasis: a xenobiotic pathway that is key to development and degenerative diseases. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15922112</ref>

SAM-e, in addition to providing ATP to the cell, also can convert nicotinamine into N-methyl-nicotinamide (NMNA) via nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, NMNA which can prevent choline efflux from the brain and neuron, a process which may account for some of SAM-e's[[nootropic]] effects.<ref>Nicotinamide homeostasis: a xenobiotic pathway that is key to development and degenerative diseases. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15922112</ref> The involvement of SAM-e in the process of synthesizing serotonin, creatine and dopamine likely play a role in nootropic effects as well.

==Subjective effects==

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*'''[[Effect::Diarrhea]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Headaches]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Increased bodily temperature]]'''<ref>S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Clinician-Oriented Review of Research | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5501081/

~~</ref>As SAM-e increases [[serotonin]] levels, an increased body temperature is expected, although this effect is likely much weaker when compared to [[serotonin]] releasing agents such as [[MDMA]].~~

*'''[[Effect::Muscle spasms]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Pain relief]]''' - This appears to be about as effective as NSAIDS such as [[ibuprofen]] for joint inflammation and pain.<ref> Italian double-blind multicenter study comparing S-adenosylmethionine, naproxen, and placebo in the treatment of degenerative joint disease. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3318442</ref>

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{SubstanceBox/SAM-e}}
-'''S-Adenosyl-L-methionine''' (also called '''S-Adenosyl methionine''', '''Ademethionine''' and commonly as '''SAMe''' and '''SAM-e''') is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation in biological organisms.<ref>Homocysteine. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10762063</ref> SAMe is the amino acid methionine bound to an adenosine molecule that circulates in the blood naturally and acts as a 'methyl donor'. A methyl group in chemistry is simply a carbon molecule (bound to some hydrogens), and donating a methyl group to other molecules can accelerate or preserve reactions in the body as a form of metabolic 'maintenance'.{{citation needed}}
+'''S-Adenosyl-L-methionine''' (also called '''S-Adenosyl methionine''', '''Ademethionine''' and commonly as '''SAMe''' and '''SAM-e''') is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation in biological organisms.<ref>Homocysteine. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10762063</ref> SAMe is an amino acid methionine bound to an ATP molecule that circulates in the blood naturally and acts as a 'methyl donor'. A methyl group in chemistry is simply a carbon molecule (bound to some hydrogens), and donating a methyl group to other molecules can accelerate or preserve reactions in the body as a form of metabolic 'maintenance'.{{citation needed}}
 SAM-e is available over the counter and by prescription in the treatment of depression and osteoarthritis. It is generally distributed in enteric-coated tablets, which allows the supplement to pass through the low pH environment of the stomach to the gastrointestinal tract, raising the bioavaliability by 600%.<ref>Bioavailability of S-adenosyl methionine and impact on response in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in major depressive disorder. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4156851/</ref>
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 SAM-e is an [[endogenous]] molecule that has numerous roles including methyl donation in neurotransmitter synthesis, antioxidative effects (radical scavenging, glutathione precursor), anti-inflammatory effects, and neuroprotective effects.<ref>Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of depression: a review of the evidence. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12420702/</ref>
-SAME-e, in addition to providing ATP to the cell, also can convert nicotinamine into N-methyl-nicotinamide (NMNA) via nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, NMNA which can prevent choline efflux from the brain and neuron, a process which may account for some of SAM-e's [[nootropic]] effects.<ref>Nicotinamide homeostasis: a xenobiotic pathway that is key to development and degenerative diseases. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15922112</ref>
+SAM-e, in addition to providing ATP to the cell, also can convert nicotinamine into N-methyl-nicotinamide (NMNA) via nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, NMNA which can prevent choline efflux from the brain and neuron, a process which may account for some of SAM-e's[[nootropic]] effects.<ref>Nicotinamide homeostasis: a xenobiotic pathway that is key to development and degenerative diseases. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15922112</ref> The involvement of SAM-e in the process of synthesizing serotonin, creatine and dopamine likely play a role in nootropic effects as well.
 ==Subjective effects==
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 *'''[[Effect::Diarrhea]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Headaches]]'''
-*'''[[Effect::Increased bodily temperature]]'''<ref>S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Clinician-Oriented Review of Research | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5501081/
-</ref>As SAM-e increases [[serotonin]] levels, an increased body temperature is expected, although this effect is likely much weaker when compared to [[serotonin]] releasing agents such as [[MDMA]].
 *'''[[Effect::Muscle spasms]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Pain relief]]''' - This appears to be about as effective as NSAIDS such as [[ibuprofen]] for joint inflammation and pain.<ref> Italian double-blind multicenter study comparing S-adenosylmethionine, naproxen, and placebo in the treatment of degenerative joint disease. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3318442</ref>