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Zolpidem: Difference between revisions
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{{SubstanceBox/Zolpidem}} | {{SubstanceBox/Zolpidem}} | ||
'''Zolpidem '''(also known as '''Ambien''', '''Intermezzo''', '''Edluar''', '''Stilnox''', '''Zolpimist'''<ref name=":0">http://www.drugs.com/zolpidem.html | Zolpidem (Drugs.com)</ref>, and others) is a non- | '''Zolpidem '''(also known as '''Ambien''', '''Intermezzo''', '''Edluar''', '''Stilnox''', '''Zolpimist'''<ref name=":0">http://www.drugs.com/zolpidem.html | Zolpidem (Drugs.com)</ref>, and others) is a [[non-benzodiazepine]] [[hypnotic]] of the [[chemical class::imidazopyridine]] chemical class which is primarily used in the treatment of [[insomnia]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>Du, B., Shan, A., Zhong, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, D., & Cai, K. (2014). Zolpidem arouses patients in vegetative state after brain injury: quantitative evaluation and indications. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 347(3), 178-182. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318287c79c</ref> | ||
When taken at recreational doses, it reportedly produces powerful and notoriously bizarre atypical [[psychoactive class::hallucinogen]]ic, [[dissociative]], [[deliriant]] and even [[psychedelic]] effects. | When taken at recreational doses, it reportedly produces powerful and notoriously bizarre atypical [[psychoactive class::hallucinogen]]ic, [[dissociative]], [[deliriant]] and even [[psychedelic]] effects. | ||
Zolpidem is a member of a family colloquially known as a "Z-drug." Other Z-drugs include zaleplon (''Sonata'') and [[zopiclone]]. These drugs were initially thought to be less addictive and/or habit-forming than benzodiazepines. However, this evaluation has shifted in the last few years as cases of addiction and habituation have accumulated.{{citation needed}} | Zolpidem is a member of a family colloquially known as a "Z-drug." Other Z-drugs include [[zaleplon]] (''Sonata'') and [[zopiclone]]. These drugs were initially thought to be less addictive and/or habit-forming than benzodiazepines. However, this evaluation has shifted in the last few years as cases of addiction and habituation have accumulated.{{citation needed}} | ||
Zolpidem should not be taken on a full stomach and it is recommended on a short-term basis only. Daily or continuous use of the drug is not usually advised. | Zolpidem should not be taken on a full stomach and it is recommended on a short-term basis only. Daily or continuous use of the drug is not usually advised. | ||
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As the GABA site is the most prolific inhibitory receptor set within the brain, its modulation results in the [[sedating]] (or [[anxiety suppression|calming effects]]) of zolpidem on the nervous system. | As the GABA site is the most prolific inhibitory receptor set within the brain, its modulation results in the [[sedating]] (or [[anxiety suppression|calming effects]]) of zolpidem on the nervous system. | ||
In regards to how the consumption of this compound results in its bizarre hallucinations, the pharmacological mechanics behind this are not understood and do not seem to have been directly studied. It is worth noting, however, that zolpidem may share similar mechanisms as a [[GABA]]<sub>A</sub> receptor [[agonist]] to that of muscimol, which is the active compound within the hallucinogenic [[amanita muscaria]] mushroom. | In regards to how the consumption of this compound results in its bizarre hallucinations, the pharmacological mechanics behind this are not understood and do not seem to have been directly studied. It is worth noting, however, that zolpidem may share similar mechanisms as a [[GABA]]<sub>A</sub> receptor [[agonist]] to that of [[muscimol]], which is the active compound within the hallucinogenic [[amanita muscaria]] mushroom. | ||
==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
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{{#ask: [[Category:Zolpidem]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}} | {{#ask: [[Category:Zolpidem]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}} | ||
Additional experience reports can be found here: | Additional experience reports can be found here: | ||
* [https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Pharms_Zolpidem.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Zolpidem] | |||
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Pharms_Zolpidem.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Zolpidem] | |||
==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
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===Dangerous interactions=== | ===Dangerous interactions=== | ||
Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption. | Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption. | ||
*'''[[Depressants]]''' (''[[1,4-Butanediol]], [[2-methyl-2-butanol]], [[alcohol]], [[barbiturates]], [[GHB]]/[[GBL]], [[methaqualone]], [[opioids]], [[benzodiazepines]]'')- This combination can result in dangerous or even fatal levels of [[respiratory depression]]. These substances potentiate the [[muscle relaxation]], [[sedation]] and [[amnesia]] caused by one another and can lead to unexpected loss of consciousness at high doses. There is also an increased risk of vomiting during unconsciousness and death from the resulting suffocation. If this occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the [[recovery position]] or have a friend move them into it. | *'''[[Depressants]]''' (''[[1,4-Butanediol]], [[2-methyl-2-butanol]], [[alcohol]], [[barbiturates]], [[GHB]]/[[GBL]], [[methaqualone]], [[opioids]], [[benzodiazepines]]'')- This combination can result in dangerous or even fatal levels of [[respiratory depression]]. These substances potentiate the [[muscle relaxation]], [[sedation]] and [[amnesia]] caused by one another and can lead to unexpected loss of consciousness at high doses. There is also an increased risk of vomiting during unconsciousness and death from the resulting suffocation. If this occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the [[recovery position]] or have a friend move them into it. | ||
*'''[[Dissociatives]]''' - This combination can result in an increased risk of vomiting during unconsciousness and death from the resulting suffocation. If this occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the [[recovery position]] or have a friend move them into it. | *'''[[Dissociatives]]''' - This combination can result in an increased risk of vomiting during unconsciousness and death from the resulting suffocation. If this occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the [[recovery position]] or have a friend move them into it. | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Responsible use]] | |||
* [[Hallucinogens]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||
* [[Deliriants]] | *[[Hallucinogens]] | ||
* [[Zopiclone]] | *[[Deliriants]] | ||
*[[Zopiclone]] | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zolpidem Zolpidem (Wikipedia)] | |||
* [https://www.erowid.org/pharms/zolpidem/zolpidem.shtml Zolpidem (Erowid Vault)] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zolpidem Zolpidem (Wikipedia)] | ||
* [https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=3360 Zolpidem (Isomer Design)] | *[https://www.erowid.org/pharms/zolpidem/zolpidem.shtml Zolpidem (Erowid Vault)] | ||
* [http://ambien.blogspot.com/2010/12/ambien-walrus-collection.html The Ambien Walrus Collection] | *[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=3360 Zolpidem (Isomer Design)] | ||
*[http://ambien.blogspot.com/2010/12/ambien-walrus-collection.html The Ambien Walrus Collection] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||