Phenibut: Difference between revisions

Line 3:

'''β-Phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acid''' (also known as '''Fenibut''', '''Phenybut''', '''Noofen''', '''Citrocard''', and commonly as '''Phenibut''') is a lesser-known [[psychoactive class::depressant]] substance of the [[chemical class::gabapentinoid]] class.<ref name="six">Elaine Wyllie; Gregory D. Cascino; Barry E. Gidal; Howard P. Goodkin (17 February 2012). Wyllie's Treatment of Epilepsy: Principles and Practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 423. | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=j9t6Qg0kkuUC&pg=RA1-PA423&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref name="seven">Honorio Benzon; James P. Rathmell; Christopher L. Wu; Dennis C. Turk; Charles E. Argoff; Robert W Hurley (11 September 2013). Practical Management of Pain. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1006. | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kfcDAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1006&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> It is chemically ~~similar~~ to [[baclofen]], [[pregabalin]], and [[gabapentin]].<ref name="one">Lapin, I. (2001). "Phenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA): A tranquilizer and nootropic drug" (pdf). CNS Drug Reviews | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00211.x/pdf</ref

'''β-Phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acid''' (also known as '''Fenibut''', '''Phenybut''', '''Noofen''', '''Citrocard''', and commonly as '''Phenibut''') is a lesser-known [[psychoactive class::depressant]] substance of the [[chemical class::gabapentinoid]] class.<ref name="six">Elaine Wyllie; Gregory D. Cascino; Barry E. Gidal; Howard P. Goodkin (17 February 2012). Wyllie's Treatment of Epilepsy: Principles and Practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 423. | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=j9t6Qg0kkuUC&pg=RA1-PA423&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref name="seven">Honorio Benzon; James P. Rathmell; Christopher L. Wu; Dennis C. Turk; Charles E. Argoff; Robert W Hurley (11 September 2013). Practical Management of Pain. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1006. | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kfcDAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1006&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>

~~It acts as a [[receptor]] [[agonist]] for [[GABA]], the major inhibitory [[neurotransmitter]] in the brain.~~

Phenibut acts as a [[receptor]] [[agonist]] for [[GABA]], the major inhibitory [[neurotransmitter]] in the brain.

It is chemically related to [[baclofen]], [[pregabalin]], and [[gabapentin]].<ref name="one">Lapin, I. (2001). "Phenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA): A tranquilizer and nootropic drug" (pdf). CNS Drug Reviews | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00211.x/pdf</ref>

Phenibut was developed in the Soviet Union in the 1960s, where it has been used as a pharmaceutical drug to treat a wide variety of conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, asthenia, insomnia, alcoholism, stuttering, and vestibular disorders, and others.<ref name="two">Shulgina, G. I. (1986). "On neurotransmitter mechanisms of reinforcement and internal inhibition". The Pavlovian journal of biological science (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431377</ref><ref name="three">David W. Group (25 February 2015). Encyclopedia of Mind Enhancing Foods, Drugs and Nutritional Substances, 2d ed. McFarland. pp. 186–. | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZYqoBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA186&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref name="one" /> In the rest of the world, phenibut is not approved for clinical use and is instead sold as a nutritional supplement.

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{SubstanceBox/Phenibut}}
-'''β-Phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acid''' (also known as '''Fenibut''', '''Phenybut''', '''Noofen''', '''Citrocard''', and commonly as '''Phenibut''') is a lesser-known [[psychoactive class::depressant]] substance of the [[chemical class::gabapentinoid]] class.<ref name="six">Elaine Wyllie; Gregory D. Cascino; Barry E. Gidal; Howard P. Goodkin (17 February 2012). Wyllie's Treatment of Epilepsy: Principles and Practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 423. | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=j9t6Qg0kkuUC&pg=RA1-PA423&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref name="seven">Honorio Benzon; James P. Rathmell; Christopher L. Wu; Dennis C. Turk; Charles E. Argoff; Robert W Hurley (11 September 2013). Practical Management of Pain. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1006. | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kfcDAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1006&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> It is chemically similar to [[baclofen]], [[pregabalin]], and [[gabapentin]].<ref name="one">Lapin, I. (2001). "Phenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA): A tranquilizer and nootropic drug" (pdf). CNS Drug Reviews | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00211.x/pdf</ref
+'''β-Phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acid''' (also known as '''Fenibut''', '''Phenybut''', '''Noofen''', '''Citrocard''', and commonly as '''Phenibut''') is a lesser-known [[psychoactive class::depressant]] substance of the [[chemical class::gabapentinoid]] class.<ref name="six">Elaine Wyllie; Gregory D. Cascino; Barry E. Gidal; Howard P. Goodkin (17 February 2012). Wyllie's Treatment of Epilepsy: Principles and Practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 423. | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=j9t6Qg0kkuUC&pg=RA1-PA423&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref name="seven">Honorio Benzon; James P. Rathmell; Christopher L. Wu; Dennis C. Turk; Charles E. Argoff; Robert W Hurley (11 September 2013). Practical Management of Pain. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1006. | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kfcDAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1006&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
-It acts as a [[receptor]] [[agonist]] for [[GABA]], the major inhibitory [[neurotransmitter]] in the brain.
+Phenibut acts as a [[receptor]] [[agonist]] for [[GABA]], the major inhibitory [[neurotransmitter]] in the brain.
+It is chemically related to [[baclofen]], [[pregabalin]], and [[gabapentin]].<ref name="one">Lapin, I. (2001). "Phenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA): A tranquilizer and nootropic drug" (pdf). CNS Drug Reviews | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00211.x/pdf</ref>
 Phenibut was developed in the Soviet Union in the 1960s, where it has been used as a pharmaceutical drug to treat a wide variety of conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, asthenia, insomnia, alcoholism, stuttering, and vestibular disorders, and others.<ref name="two">Shulgina, G. I. (1986). "On neurotransmitter mechanisms of reinforcement and internal inhibition". The Pavlovian journal of biological science (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431377</ref><ref name="three">David W. Group (25 February 2015). Encyclopedia of Mind Enhancing Foods, Drugs and Nutritional Substances, 2d ed. McFarland. pp. 186–. | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZYqoBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA186&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref name="one" /> In the rest of the world, phenibut is not approved for clinical use and is instead sold as a nutritional supplement.