Modafinil: Difference between revisions

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Modafinil has also been used as a doping agent by various athletes due to its ability to produce [[Stimulation|physical stimulation]].{{citation needed}} It has recently gained mainstream popularity for its use as a [[nootropic|"smart drug"]] to [[Memory enhancement|improve memory]], counteract the desire or need for sleep, and increase general productivity.{{citation needed}}

==History and culture==

Modafinil was originally developed in France by neurophysiologist professor Michel Jouvet and Lafon Laboratories. Modafinil originated with the late 1970s invention of a series of benzhydryl sulfinyl compounds, including adrafinil, which was first offered as an experimental treatment for narcolepsy in France in 1986. Modafinil is the primary metabolite of adrafinil, lacking the polar -OH group on its terminal amide,<ref>Modafinil: past, present and future - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1586/14737175.2.4.449</ref> and has similar activity to the parent drug but is much more widely used. It has been prescribed in France since 1994 under the name Modiodal, and in the US since 1998 as Provigil.

==Chemistry==

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While modafinil is a racemic mixture, a similar medication, [[armodafinil]], consists of only the (−)-(R)-enantiomer of modafinil. Modafinil is a highly researched compound, with many derivatives created and studied<ref>Efficient synthesis and biological evaluation of two modafinil analogues - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0968089608009772</ref>.

Modafinil was originally developed in France by neurophysiologist professor Michel Jouvet and Lafon Laboratories. Modafinil originated with the late 1970s invention of a series of benzhydryl sulfinyl compounds, including adrafinil, which was first offered as an experimental treatment for narcolepsy in France in 1986. Modafinil is the primary metabolite of adrafinil, lacking the polar -OH group on its terminal amide,<ref>Modafinil: past, present and future - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1586/14737175.2.4.449</ref> and has similar activity to the parent drug but is much more widely used. It has been prescribed in France since 1994 under the name Modiodal, and in the US since 1998 as Provigil.

==Subjective effects==

In comparison to traditional stimulants such as [[amphetamine]], [[methylphenidate]] or [[cocaine]], this compound induces an experience which is far less forceful, euphoric, and recreational. It instead emphasizes general [[wakefulness]] and [[motivation enhancement]].

{{effects/base

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 Modafinil has also been used as a doping agent by various athletes due to its ability to produce [[Stimulation|physical stimulation]].{{citation needed}} It has recently gained mainstream popularity for its use as a [[nootropic|"smart drug"]] to [[Memory enhancement|improve memory]], counteract the desire or need for sleep, and increase general productivity.{{citation needed}}
+==History and culture==
+Modafinil was originally developed in France by neurophysiologist professor Michel Jouvet and Lafon Laboratories. Modafinil originated with the late 1970s invention of a series of benzhydryl sulfinyl compounds, including adrafinil, which was first offered as an experimental treatment for narcolepsy in France in 1986. Modafinil is the primary metabolite of adrafinil, lacking the polar -OH group on its terminal amide,<ref>Modafinil: past, present and future - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1586/14737175.2.4.449</ref> and has similar activity to the parent drug but is much more widely used. It has been prescribed in France since 1994 under the name Modiodal, and in the US since 1998 as Provigil.
 ==Chemistry==
@@ Line 12: / Line 15: @@
 While modafinil is a racemic mixture, a similar medication, [[armodafinil]], consists of only the (−)-(R)-enantiomer of modafinil. Modafinil is a highly researched compound, with many derivatives created and studied<ref>Efficient synthesis and biological evaluation of two modafinil analogues - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0968089608009772</ref>.
-Modafinil was originally developed in France by neurophysiologist professor Michel Jouvet and Lafon Laboratories. Modafinil originated with the late 1970s invention of a series of benzhydryl sulfinyl compounds, including adrafinil, which was first offered as an experimental treatment for narcolepsy in France in 1986. Modafinil is the primary metabolite of adrafinil, lacking the polar -OH group on its terminal amide,<ref>Modafinil: past, present and future - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1586/14737175.2.4.449</ref> and has similar activity to the parent drug but is much more widely used. It has been prescribed in France since 1994 under the name Modiodal, and in the US since 1998 as Provigil.
 {{Modafinil/Pharmacology}}
 ==Subjective effects==
 In comparison to traditional stimulants such as [[amphetamine]], [[methylphenidate]] or [[cocaine]], this compound induces an experience which is far less forceful, euphoric, and recreational. It instead emphasizes general [[wakefulness]] and [[motivation enhancement]].
 {{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
 {{effects/base