Promethazine: Difference between revisions

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*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - Promethazine causes pronounced sedation and a general feeling of slowness, usually with the feeling of not wanting to move.

*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]'''

**'''[[Effect::Muscle relaxation]]''' - This can lead to a very pleasant feeling of the entire body relaxing, feeling like warm gel. It similar to but distinct from an [[opioid]]'s physical euphoria. {{citation needed}}

**'''[[Effect::Muscle relaxation]]''' - This can lead to a very pleasant feeling of the entire body relaxing, feeling like warm gel. It is similar to but distinct from an [[opioid]]'s physical euphoria. {{citation needed}}

*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]''' and '''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''<ref>Tsay, M. E., Procopio, G., Anderson, B. D., & Klein-Schwartz, W. (2015). Abuse and intentional misuse of promethazine reported to US poison centers: 2002 to 2012. Journal of addiction medicine, 9(3), 233-237. | PubMed Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25822213</ref> - Anticholinergic activity at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors causes these effects.

*'''[[Effect::Nausea suppression]]'''

}}

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|{{effects/cognitive|

*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]] or [[Effect::Anxiety ~~suppression~~]]''' - Anxiety ~~rarely occurs in high doses and~~ may occur as a result of delirium.{{citation needed}} ~~Usually, promethazine acts as an~~ [[~~anxiolytic|anti-anxiety~~]] ~~agent.~~

*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]''' - Usually, promethazine acts as an [[anxiolytic|anti-anxiety]] agent.

*'''[[Effect::Addiction suppression]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' - Anxiety may occur as a result of delirium.{{citation needed}}

*'''[[Effect::Sleepiness]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Delirium]]''' and '''[[Effect::Confusion|confusion]]'''<ref>Tsay, M. E., Procopio, G., Anderson, B. D., & Klein-Schwartz, W. (2015). Abuse and intentional misuse of promethazine reported to US poison centers: 2002 to 2012. Journal of addiction medicine, 9(3), 233-237. | PubMed Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25822213</ref> - In low to moderate doses, promethazine presents a harmless sense of being confused or delirious. In high doses and overdose, it can become (but rarely does) so severe that the patient or user experiences excited delirium, a state of severe agitation and confusion.

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 *'''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - Promethazine causes pronounced sedation and a general feeling of slowness, usually with the feeling of not wanting to move.
 *'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]'''
-**'''[[Effect::Muscle relaxation]]''' - This can lead to a very pleasant feeling of the entire body relaxing, feeling like warm gel. It similar to but distinct from an [[opioid]]'s physical euphoria. {{citation needed}}
+**'''[[Effect::Muscle relaxation]]''' - This can lead to a very pleasant feeling of the entire body relaxing, feeling like warm gel. It is similar to but distinct from an [[opioid]]'s physical euphoria. {{citation needed}}
 *'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]''' and '''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''<ref>Tsay, M. E., Procopio, G., Anderson, B. D., & Klein-Schwartz, W. (2015). Abuse and intentional misuse of promethazine reported to US poison centers: 2002 to 2012. Journal of addiction medicine, 9(3), 233-237. | PubMed Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25822213</ref> - Anticholinergic activity at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors causes these effects.
+*'''[[Effect::Nausea suppression]]'''
 }}
@@ Line 36: / Line 41: @@
 |{{effects/cognitive|
-*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]] or [[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]''' - Anxiety rarely occurs in high doses and may occur as a result of delirium.{{citation needed}} Usually, promethazine acts as an [[anxiolytic|anti-anxiety]] agent.
+*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]''' - Usually, promethazine acts as an [[anxiolytic|anti-anxiety]] agent.
+*'''[[Effect::Addiction suppression]]'''
+*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' - Anxiety may occur as a result of delirium.{{citation needed}}
+*'''[[Effect::Sleepiness]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Delirium]]''' and '''[[Effect::Confusion|confusion]]'''<ref>Tsay, M. E., Procopio, G., Anderson, B. D., & Klein-Schwartz, W. (2015). Abuse and intentional misuse of promethazine reported to US poison centers: 2002 to 2012. Journal of addiction medicine, 9(3), 233-237. | PubMed Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25822213</ref> -  In low to moderate doses, promethazine presents a harmless sense of being confused or delirious. In high doses and overdose, it can become (but rarely does) so severe that the patient or user experiences excited delirium, a state of severe agitation and confusion.