Color enhancement: Difference between revisions

Line 1:

'''Colour enhancement''' is defined as an intensification of the brightness and vividness of colors in the external environment. During this experience, reds may seem “redder”, greens may seem “greener", and all colors will likely appear much more distinct, complex, and visually intense than they comparatively would be during everyday sober living.<ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014">{{cite journal|last1=Papoutsis|first1=Ioannis|last2=Nikolaou|first2=Panagiota|last3=Stefanidou|first3=Maria|last4=Spiliopoulou|first4=Chara|last5=Athanaselis|first5=Sotiris|title=25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=33|issue=1|year=2014|pages=1–11|issn=1860-8965|doi=10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9}}</ref><ref name="BersaniCorazza2014">{{cite journal|last1=Bersani|first1=Francesco Saverio|last2=Corazza|first2=Ornella|last3=Albano|first3=Gabriella|last4=Valeriani|first4=Giuseppe|last5=Santacroce|first5=Rita|last6=Bolzan Mariotti Posocco|first6=Flaminia|last7=Cinosi|first7=Eduardo|last8=Simonato|first8=Pierluigi|last9=Martinotti|first9=Giovanni|last10=Bersani|first10=Giuseppe|last11=Schifano|first11=Fabrizio|title=25C-NBOMe: Preliminary Data on Pharmacology, Psychoactive Effects, and Toxicity of a New Potent and Dangerous Hallucinogenic Drug|journal=BioMed Research International|volume=2014|year=2014|pages=1–6|issn=2314-6133|doi=10.1155/2014/734749}}</ref><ref name="HartmanHollister1963">{{cite journal|last1=Hartman|first1=Alan M.|last2=Hollister|first2=Leo E.|title=Effect of mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin on color perception|journal=Psychopharmacologia|volume=4|issue=6|year=1963|pages=441–451|issn=0033-3158|doi=10.1007/BF00403349}}</ref><ref name="KleinmanGillin1977">{{cite journal|last1=Kleinman|first1=J. E.|last2=Gillin|first2=J. C.|last3=Wyatt|first3=R. J.|title=A Comparison of the Phenomenology of Hallucinogens and Schizophrenia From Some Autobiographical Accounts*|journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin|volume=3|issue=4|year=1977|pages=560–586|issn=0586-7614|doi=10.1093/schbul/3.4.560~~}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.3389/Ffnhum.2015.00346~~}}</ref><ref name="ObreshkovaKandilarov2017">Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS (REVIEW). PHARMACIA, 64(1), 41-42. http://bsphs.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Angelova.pdf</ref><ref name="Abraham1983">{{cite journal|last1=Abraham|first1=Henry David|title=Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=40|issue=8|year=1983|pages=884|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009}}</ref><ref name="BaggottCoyle2011">{{cite journal|last1=Baggott|first1=M.J.|last2=Coyle|first2=J.R.|last3=Erowid|first3=E.|last4=Erowid|first4=F.|last5=Robertson|first5=L.C.|title=Abnormal visual experiences in individuals with histories of hallucinogen use: A web-based questionnaire|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=114|issue=1|year=2011|pages=61–67|issn=03768716|doi=10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.006}}</ref> At higher levels, this effect can sometimes result in seeing colours which are perceived as surreal or seemingly impossible.<ref name="HartmanHollister1963" /><ref name="KleinmanGillin1977" />

'''Colour enhancement''' is defined as an intensification of the brightness and vividness of colors in the external environment. During this experience, reds may seem “redder”, greens may seem “greener", and all colors will likely appear much more distinct, complex, and visually intense than they comparatively would be during everyday sober living.<ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014">{{cite journal|last1=Papoutsis|first1=Ioannis|last2=Nikolaou|first2=Panagiota|last3=Stefanidou|first3=Maria|last4=Spiliopoulou|first4=Chara|last5=Athanaselis|first5=Sotiris|title=25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=33|issue=1|year=2014|pages=1–11|issn=1860-8965|doi=10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9}}</ref><ref name="BersaniCorazza2014">{{cite journal|last1=Bersani|first1=Francesco Saverio|last2=Corazza|first2=Ornella|last3=Albano|first3=Gabriella|last4=Valeriani|first4=Giuseppe|last5=Santacroce|first5=Rita|last6=Bolzan Mariotti Posocco|first6=Flaminia|last7=Cinosi|first7=Eduardo|last8=Simonato|first8=Pierluigi|last9=Martinotti|first9=Giovanni|last10=Bersani|first10=Giuseppe|last11=Schifano|first11=Fabrizio|title=25C-NBOMe: Preliminary Data on Pharmacology, Psychoactive Effects, and Toxicity of a New Potent and Dangerous Hallucinogenic Drug|journal=BioMed Research International|volume=2014|year=2014|pages=1–6|issn=2314-6133|doi=10.1155/2014/734749}}</ref><ref name="HartmanHollister1963">{{cite journal|last1=Hartman|first1=Alan M.|last2=Hollister|first2=Leo E.|title=Effect of mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin on color perception|journal=Psychopharmacologia|volume=4|issue=6|year=1963|pages=441–451|issn=0033-3158|doi=10.1007/BF00403349}}</ref><ref name="KleinmanGillin1977">{{cite journal|last1=Kleinman|first1=J. E.|last2=Gillin|first2=J. C.|last3=Wyatt|first3=R. J.|title=A Comparison of the Phenomenology of Hallucinogens and Schizophrenia From Some Autobiographical Accounts*|journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin|volume=3|issue=4|year=1977|pages=560–586|issn=0586-7614|doi=10.1093/schbul/3.4.560}}</ref><ref name="ObreshkovaKandilarov2017">Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS (REVIEW). PHARMACIA, 64(1), 41-42. http://bsphs.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Angelova.pdf</ref><ref name="Abraham1983">{{cite journal|last1=Abraham|first1=Henry David|title=Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=40|issue=8|year=1983|pages=884|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009}}</ref><ref name="BaggottCoyle2011">{{cite journal|last1=Baggott|first1=M.J.|last2=Coyle|first2=J.R.|last3=Erowid|first3=E.|last4=Erowid|first4=F.|last5=Robertson|first5=L.C.|title=Abnormal visual experiences in individuals with histories of hallucinogen use: A web-based questionnaire|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=114|issue=1|year=2011|pages=61–67|issn=03768716|doi=10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.006}}</ref> At higher levels, this effect can sometimes result in seeing colours which are perceived as surreal or seemingly impossible.<ref name="HartmanHollister1963" /><ref name="KleinmanGillin1977" />

Colour enhancement is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[acuity enhancement]] and [[pattern recognition enhancement]].<ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014" /><ref name="BersaniCorazza2014" /> It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#mild|mild]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds, such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]]. However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of certain [[stimulants]] and [[dissociatives]] such as [[MDMA]], [[ketamine]]<ref name="Dillon2003">{{cite journal|last1=Dillon|first1=P|title=Patterns of use and harms associated with non-medical ketamine use|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=69|issue=1|year=2003|pages=23–28|issn=03768716|doi=10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00243-0}}</ref>, or [[3-MeO-PCP]].

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <onlyinclude>
-'''Colour enhancement''' is defined as an intensification of the brightness and vividness of colors in the external environment. During this experience, reds may seem “redder”, greens may seem “greener", and all colors will likely appear much more distinct, complex, and visually intense than they comparatively would be during everyday sober living.<ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014">{{cite journal|last1=Papoutsis|first1=Ioannis|last2=Nikolaou|first2=Panagiota|last3=Stefanidou|first3=Maria|last4=Spiliopoulou|first4=Chara|last5=Athanaselis|first5=Sotiris|title=25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=33|issue=1|year=2014|pages=1–11|issn=1860-8965|doi=10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9}}</ref><ref name="BersaniCorazza2014">{{cite journal|last1=Bersani|first1=Francesco Saverio|last2=Corazza|first2=Ornella|last3=Albano|first3=Gabriella|last4=Valeriani|first4=Giuseppe|last5=Santacroce|first5=Rita|last6=Bolzan Mariotti Posocco|first6=Flaminia|last7=Cinosi|first7=Eduardo|last8=Simonato|first8=Pierluigi|last9=Martinotti|first9=Giovanni|last10=Bersani|first10=Giuseppe|last11=Schifano|first11=Fabrizio|title=25C-NBOMe: Preliminary Data on Pharmacology, Psychoactive Effects, and Toxicity of a New Potent and Dangerous Hallucinogenic Drug|journal=BioMed Research International|volume=2014|year=2014|pages=1–6|issn=2314-6133|doi=10.1155/2014/734749}}</ref><ref name="HartmanHollister1963">{{cite journal|last1=Hartman|first1=Alan M.|last2=Hollister|first2=Leo E.|title=Effect of mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin on color perception|journal=Psychopharmacologia|volume=4|issue=6|year=1963|pages=441–451|issn=0033-3158|doi=10.1007/BF00403349}}</ref><ref name="KleinmanGillin1977">{{cite journal|last1=Kleinman|first1=J. E.|last2=Gillin|first2=J. C.|last3=Wyatt|first3=R. J.|title=A Comparison of the Phenomenology of Hallucinogens and Schizophrenia From Some Autobiographical Accounts*|journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin|volume=3|issue=4|year=1977|pages=560–586|issn=0586-7614|doi=10.1093/schbul/3.4.560}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.3389/Ffnhum.2015.00346}}</ref><ref name="ObreshkovaKandilarov2017">Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS (REVIEW). PHARMACIA, 64(1), 41-42. http://bsphs.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Angelova.pdf</ref><ref name="Abraham1983">{{cite journal|last1=Abraham|first1=Henry David|title=Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=40|issue=8|year=1983|pages=884|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009}}</ref><ref name="BaggottCoyle2011">{{cite journal|last1=Baggott|first1=M.J.|last2=Coyle|first2=J.R.|last3=Erowid|first3=E.|last4=Erowid|first4=F.|last5=Robertson|first5=L.C.|title=Abnormal visual experiences in individuals with histories of hallucinogen use: A web-based questionnaire|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=114|issue=1|year=2011|pages=61–67|issn=03768716|doi=10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.006}}</ref> At higher levels, this effect can sometimes result in seeing colours which are perceived as surreal or seemingly impossible.<ref name="HartmanHollister1963" /><ref name="KleinmanGillin1977" />
+'''Colour enhancement''' is defined as an intensification of the brightness and vividness of colors in the external environment. During this experience, reds may seem “redder”, greens may seem “greener", and all colors will likely appear much more distinct, complex, and visually intense than they comparatively would be during everyday sober living.<ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014">{{cite journal|last1=Papoutsis|first1=Ioannis|last2=Nikolaou|first2=Panagiota|last3=Stefanidou|first3=Maria|last4=Spiliopoulou|first4=Chara|last5=Athanaselis|first5=Sotiris|title=25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=33|issue=1|year=2014|pages=1–11|issn=1860-8965|doi=10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9}}</ref><ref name="BersaniCorazza2014">{{cite journal|last1=Bersani|first1=Francesco Saverio|last2=Corazza|first2=Ornella|last3=Albano|first3=Gabriella|last4=Valeriani|first4=Giuseppe|last5=Santacroce|first5=Rita|last6=Bolzan Mariotti Posocco|first6=Flaminia|last7=Cinosi|first7=Eduardo|last8=Simonato|first8=Pierluigi|last9=Martinotti|first9=Giovanni|last10=Bersani|first10=Giuseppe|last11=Schifano|first11=Fabrizio|title=25C-NBOMe: Preliminary Data on Pharmacology, Psychoactive Effects, and Toxicity of a New Potent and Dangerous Hallucinogenic Drug|journal=BioMed Research International|volume=2014|year=2014|pages=1–6|issn=2314-6133|doi=10.1155/2014/734749}}</ref><ref name="HartmanHollister1963">{{cite journal|last1=Hartman|first1=Alan M.|last2=Hollister|first2=Leo E.|title=Effect of mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin on color perception|journal=Psychopharmacologia|volume=4|issue=6|year=1963|pages=441–451|issn=0033-3158|doi=10.1007/BF00403349}}</ref><ref name="KleinmanGillin1977">{{cite journal|last1=Kleinman|first1=J. E.|last2=Gillin|first2=J. C.|last3=Wyatt|first3=R. J.|title=A Comparison of the Phenomenology of Hallucinogens and Schizophrenia From Some Autobiographical Accounts*|journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin|volume=3|issue=4|year=1977|pages=560–586|issn=0586-7614|doi=10.1093/schbul/3.4.560}}</ref><ref name="ObreshkovaKandilarov2017">Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS (REVIEW). PHARMACIA, 64(1), 41-42. http://bsphs.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Angelova.pdf</ref><ref name="Abraham1983">{{cite journal|last1=Abraham|first1=Henry David|title=Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=40|issue=8|year=1983|pages=884|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009}}</ref><ref name="BaggottCoyle2011">{{cite journal|last1=Baggott|first1=M.J.|last2=Coyle|first2=J.R.|last3=Erowid|first3=E.|last4=Erowid|first4=F.|last5=Robertson|first5=L.C.|title=Abnormal visual experiences in individuals with histories of hallucinogen use: A web-based questionnaire|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=114|issue=1|year=2011|pages=61–67|issn=03768716|doi=10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.006}}</ref> At higher levels, this effect can sometimes result in seeing colours which are perceived as surreal or seemingly impossible.<ref name="HartmanHollister1963" /><ref name="KleinmanGillin1977" />
 Colour enhancement is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[acuity enhancement]] and [[pattern recognition enhancement]].<ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014" /><ref name="BersaniCorazza2014" /> It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#mild|mild]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds, such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]]. However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of certain [[stimulants]] and [[dissociatives]] such as [[MDMA]], [[ketamine]]<ref name="Dillon2003">{{cite journal|last1=Dillon|first1=P|title=Patterns of use and harms associated with non-medical ketamine use|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=69|issue=1|year=2003|pages=23–28|issn=03768716|doi=10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00243-0}}</ref>, or [[3-MeO-PCP]].