Lisdexamfetamine: Difference between revisions

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'''Lisdexamfetamine''' (also known as '''lisdextroamphetamine''', '''L-lysine-dextroamphetamine''', or '''lisdexamfetamine dimesylate''' when under the brand names '''Elvanse''' and '''Vyvanse''') is a prescription [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::amphetamine]] class. Lisdextroamphetamine is a "mutual [[prodrug]]" ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codrug codrug]) for [[Amphetamine#Enantiomers|<small>d</small>-amphetamine]] (dexamphetamine, or dextroamphetamine) which is a strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. This means that outside of the oral route, its effects are independent of [[route of administration]]. Other routes of administration like [[insufflation]], [[Route of administration#Smoked|smoking]] or [[Route of administration#Injection|injection]] do not provide faster absorption or onset.

'''Lisdexamfetamine''' (also known as '''lisdextroamphetamine''', '''L-lysine-dextroamphetamine''', or '''lisdexamfetamine dimesylate''' when under the brand names '''Elvanse''' and '''Vyvanse''') is a prescription [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::amphetamine]] class. Lisdextroamphetamine is a "mutual [[prodrug]]" ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codrug codrug]) for [[Amphetamine#Enantiomers|<small>d</small>-amphetamine]] (dexamphetamine, or dextroamphetamine) which is a strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant.

Lisdexamfetamine is approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and moderate to severe binge-eating disorder.<ref>https://www.drugs.com/pro/vyvanse.html</ref>

Lisdexamfetamine is approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and moderate to severe binge-eating disorder.<ref>https://www.drugs.com/pro/vyvanse.html</ref> This means that outside of the oral route, its effects are independent of [[route of administration]]. Other routes of administration like [[insufflation]], [[Route of administration#Smoked|smoking]] or [[Route of administration#Injection|injection]] do not provide faster absorption or onset.

[[Subjective effects]] are essentially identical to that of dextroamphetamine except with a slower onset and a longer duration. These include [[stimulation]], [[focus enhancement]], [[motivation enhancement]], and [[euphoria]]. As with amphetamine, it is sometimes sold and used illicitly as a study drug as well as a recreational substance.

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|{{effects/physical|

*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - Lisdexamfetamine is reported to be very energetic and stimulating in a manner similar to [[amphetamine]]. It can encourage physical activities such as dancing, socializing, running, or cleaning. The particular style of stimulation which lisdexamfetamine produces can be described as forced. This means that, at higher dosages, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntary bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in extreme shaking of the entire body, unsteadiness of the hands, and a general loss of fine motor control. This effect is replaced with mild fatigue and general exhaustion during the offset of the experience.

*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - Lisdexamfetamine is reported to be very energetic and stimulating in a manner similar to [[amphetamine]]. It can encourage physical activities such as dancing, socializing, running, or cleaning. The particular style of stimulation which lisdexamfetamine produces can be described as forced. This means that, at higher dosages, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as effects such as jaw clenching, involuntary bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in extreme shaking of the entire body, unsteadiness of the hands, and a general loss of fine motor control. This effect is replaced with mild fatigue and general exhaustion during the offset of the experience.

*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - The "body high" of lisdexamphetamine can be described as a moderate euphoric tingling sensation that encompasses the entire body. This sensation maintains a consistent presence that steadily rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached.

*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''{{citation needed}}

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*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' - This effect occurs more frequently on the offset phase of the experience.

*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]''' - In some users, this is absent, while others experience [[creativity suppression]].

*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]''' - Due to the slow come up of lisdexamfetamine, the full effects may not be felt for up to 3 hours after consumption, causing some to redose during the come up.

*'''[[Effect::Ego inflation]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Emotion suppression]]''' - This effect is more commonly reported with lisdexamfetamine, in comparison to other [[amphetamine]]s such as [[dextroamphetamine]] and [[methamphetamine]]. It is usually most intense at low and common doses.

*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Focus suppression]]''' - This replaces [[focus enhancement]] at high doses.

*'''[[Effect::Irritability]]''' - This effect occurs more frequently on the offset phase of the experience.

*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''

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===Experience reports===

There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here:

* [https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Lisdexamfetamine.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Lisdexamfetamine]

*[https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Lisdexamfetamine.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Lisdexamfetamine]

==Toxicity and Harm Potential==

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*'''Norway''': Lisdexamfetamine is a Class A drug under particularly strict control.

*'''Sweden''': Lisdexamfetamine is a Class II narcotic, with strict requirements for prescription. It has been placed under "utökad övervakning" (extended surveillance).<ref name="swe">http://www.fass.se/LIF/product?userType=2&nplId=20140730000117</ref>

*'''Switzerland''': ~~Lisdexamphetamine~~ is a controlled substance ~~as of October 1, 2014 specifically named under Verzeichnis A. Medicinal use is permitted.~~<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=~~Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]~~|access-date=~~January 1~~, ~~2020~~|language=de}}</ref>

*'''Switzerland''': Lisdexamfetamine is a controlled substance in Switzerland<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Das Eidgenössische Departement des Innern|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of October 1, 2014.

*'''United Kingdom''': Lisdexamfetamine is a Class B scheduled drug.{{citation needed}}

*'''United States''': Lisdexamfetamine is a Schedule II controlled drug.<ref>https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/812#b_4</ref>

==See also==

*[[Responsible use]]

*[[Stimulants]]

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==External links==

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisdexamfetamine Lisdexamfetamine (Wikipedia)]

*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=10644 Lisdexamfetamine (Isomer Design)]

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==Literature==

*Galli, A., Poulsen, N.W., Sulzer, D., & Sonders, M.S. (2005). Mechanisms of neurotransmitter release by amphetamines: a review. Progress in Neurobiology, 75 6, 406-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.04.003

*Berman, S. M., Kuczenski, R., McCracken, J. T., & London, E. D. (2009). Potential adverse effects of amphetamine treatment on brain and behavior: a review. Molecular Psychiatry, 14(2), 123. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2008.90.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SummarySheet}}
 {{SubstanceBox/Lisdexamfetamine}}
-'''Lisdexamfetamine''' (also known as '''lisdextroamphetamine''', '''L-lysine-dextroamphetamine''', or '''lisdexamfetamine dimesylate''' when under the brand names '''Elvanse''' and '''Vyvanse''') is a prescription [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::amphetamine]] class. Lisdextroamphetamine is a "mutual [[prodrug]]" ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codrug codrug]) for [[Amphetamine#Enantiomers|<small>d</small>-amphetamine]] (dexamphetamine, or dextroamphetamine) which is a strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. This means that outside of the oral route, its effects are independent of [[route of administration]]. Other routes of administration like [[insufflation]], [[Route of administration#Smoked|smoking]] or [[Route of administration#Injection|injection]] do not provide faster absorption or onset.
+'''Lisdexamfetamine''' (also known as '''lisdextroamphetamine''', '''L-lysine-dextroamphetamine''', or '''lisdexamfetamine dimesylate''' when under the brand names '''Elvanse''' and '''Vyvanse''') is a prescription [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::amphetamine]] class. Lisdextroamphetamine is a "mutual [[prodrug]]" ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codrug codrug]) for [[Amphetamine#Enantiomers|<small>d</small>-amphetamine]] (dexamphetamine, or dextroamphetamine) which is a strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant.
-Lisdexamfetamine is approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and moderate to severe binge-eating disorder.<ref>https://www.drugs.com/pro/vyvanse.html</ref>
+Lisdexamfetamine is approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and moderate to severe binge-eating disorder.<ref>https://www.drugs.com/pro/vyvanse.html</ref> This means that outside of the oral route, its effects are independent of [[route of administration]]. Other routes of administration like [[insufflation]], [[Route of administration#Smoked|smoking]] or [[Route of administration#Injection|injection]] do not provide faster absorption or onset.
 [[Subjective effects]] are essentially identical to that of dextroamphetamine except with a slower onset and a longer duration. These include [[stimulation]], [[focus enhancement]], [[motivation enhancement]], and [[euphoria]]. As with amphetamine, it is sometimes sold and used illicitly as a study drug as well as a recreational substance.
@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 |{{effects/physical|
-*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - Lisdexamfetamine is reported to be very energetic and stimulating in a manner similar to [[amphetamine]]. It can encourage physical activities such as dancing, socializing, running, or cleaning. The particular style of stimulation which lisdexamfetamine produces can be described as forced. This means that, at higher dosages, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntary bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in extreme shaking of the entire body, unsteadiness of the hands, and a general loss of fine motor control. This effect is replaced with mild fatigue and general exhaustion during the offset of the experience.
+*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - Lisdexamfetamine is reported to be very energetic and stimulating in a manner similar to [[amphetamine]]. It can encourage physical activities such as dancing, socializing, running, or cleaning. The particular style of stimulation which lisdexamfetamine produces can be described as forced. This means that, at higher dosages, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as effects such as jaw clenching, involuntary bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in extreme shaking of the entire body, unsteadiness of the hands, and a general loss of fine motor control. This effect is replaced with mild fatigue and general exhaustion during the offset of the experience.
 *'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - The "body high" of lisdexamphetamine can be described as a moderate euphoric tingling sensation that encompasses the entire body. This sensation maintains a consistent presence that steadily rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached.
 *'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''{{citation needed}}
@@ Line 81: / Line 81: @@
 *'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' - This effect occurs more frequently on the offset phase of the experience.
-*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]'''
+*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]''' - In some users, this is absent, while others experience [[creativity suppression]].
 *'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]''' - Due to the slow come up of lisdexamfetamine, the full effects may not be felt for up to 3 hours after consumption, causing some to redose during the come up.
 *'''[[Effect::Ego inflation]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Emotion suppression]]''' - This effect is more commonly reported with lisdexamfetamine, in comparison to other [[amphetamine]]s such as [[dextroamphetamine]] and [[methamphetamine]]. It is usually most intense at low and common doses.
 *'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]'''
+*'''[[Effect::Focus suppression]]''' - This replaces [[focus enhancement]] at high doses.
 *'''[[Effect::Irritability]]''' - This effect occurs more frequently on the offset phase of the experience.
 *'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
@@ Line 122: / Line 123: @@
 ===Experience reports===
 There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here:
-* [https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Lisdexamfetamine.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Lisdexamfetamine]
+*[https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Lisdexamfetamine.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Lisdexamfetamine]
 ==Toxicity and Harm Potential==
@@ Line 150: / Line 152: @@
 *'''Norway''': Lisdexamfetamine is a Class A drug under particularly strict control.
 *'''Sweden''': Lisdexamfetamine is a Class II narcotic, with strict requirements for prescription. It has been placed under "utökad övervakning" (extended surveillance).<ref name="swe">http://www.fass.se/LIF/product?userType=2&nplId=20140730000117</ref>
-*'''Switzerland''': Lisdexamphetamine is a controlled substance as of October 1, 2014 specifically named under Verzeichnis A. Medicinal use is permitted.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
+*'''Switzerland''': Lisdexamfetamine is a controlled substance in Switzerland<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel,  psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Das Eidgenössische Departement des Innern|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of October 1, 2014.
 *'''United Kingdom''': Lisdexamfetamine is a Class B scheduled drug.{{citation needed}}
 *'''United States''': Lisdexamfetamine is a Schedule II controlled drug.<ref>https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/812#b_4</ref>
 ==See also==
 *[[Responsible use]]
 *[[Stimulants]]
@@ Line 161: / Line 164: @@
 ==External links==
 *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisdexamfetamine Lisdexamfetamine (Wikipedia)]
 *[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=10644 Lisdexamfetamine (Isomer Design)]
@@ Line 167: / Line 171: @@
 ==Literature==
 *Galli, A., Poulsen, N.W., Sulzer, D., & Sonders, M.S. (2005). Mechanisms of neurotransmitter release by amphetamines: a review. Progress in Neurobiology, 75 6, 406-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.04.003
 *Berman, S. M., Kuczenski, R., McCracken, J. T., & London, E. D. (2009). Potential adverse effects of amphetamine treatment on brain and behavior: a review. Molecular Psychiatry, 14(2), 123. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2008.90.