MDPV: Difference between revisions

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{{headerpanel|{{Template:Warning/MDPV}}}}

{{SummarySheet}}class::stimulant]] substance of the [[substituted cathinone|cathinone]] and [[substituted pyrrolidine|pyrrolidine]] chemical classes that produces states of

'''3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone''' (also known as '''MDPV''' and imprecisely as '''Bath Salts''', among many others) is a novel, extremely potent synthetic [[psychoactive ~~class::stimulant]] substance of the [[substituted cathinone|cathinone]] and [[substituted pyrrolidine|pyrrolidine]] chemical classes that produces states of~~ extreme [[Euphoria|stimulant euphoria]], [[disinhibition]], and [[Increased libido|sexual arousal]] when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. MDPV is thought to act primarily as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI) and possesses powerful euphoric [[stimulant]] qualities. It was first developed in the 1960s by a team at Boehringer Ingelheim.<ref>US Patent 3478050 - 1-(3',4'-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-2-pyrrolidino-alkanones-(1) | https://www.google.com/patents/US3478050</ref>

'''3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone''' (also known as '''MDPV''' and imprecisely as '''Bath Salts''', among many others) is a novel, extremely potent synthetic [[psychoactive extreme [[Euphoria|stimulant euphoria]], [[disinhibition]], and [[Increased libido|sexual arousal]] when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. MDPV is thought to act primarily as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI) and possesses powerful euphoric [[stimulant]] qualities. It was first developed in the 1960s by a team at Boehringer Ingelheim.<ref>US Patent 3478050 - 1-(3',4'-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-2-pyrrolidino-alkanones-(1) | https://www.google.com/patents/US3478050</ref>

MDPV remained an obscure stimulant until around 2004, when it was reportedly first made available to the public as a [[designer drug]]. Products labeled as "bath salts" containing MDPV were previously sold as recreational drugs in gas stations and convenience stores in the United States, similar to the marketing strategy of [[Synthetic cannabinoids|Spice and K2]] as incense.{{citation needed}}

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Historical reports show records of the preparation of MDPV for potential use as a CNS stimulant. It was claimed to have potential to be an alternative for racemic amphetamine and, although showing some desirable qualities such as reduced toxicity as compared to amphetamine, MDPV was chosen to not be developed as a medicinal drug.<ref>MDPV Summary | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref>

Several incidents of psychological and physical harm have been attributed to the use of MDPV, including an unusually large number of fatalities. A total of 107 non-fatal intoxications and 99 analytically confirmed deaths related to MDPV between September 2009 and August 2013 were reported by nine European countries.<ref>~~EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone)~~ | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/819/TDAS14001ENN_466653.pdf</ref>

Several incidents of psychological and physical harm have been attributed to the use of MDPV, including an unusually large number of fatalities. A total of 107 non-fatal intoxications and 99 analytically confirmed deaths related to MDPV between September 2009 and August 2013 were reported by nine European countries.<ref name="EMCDDA">{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/819/TDAS14001ENN_466653.pdf|title=MDPV: EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone)|publisher=European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction|access-date=December 27, 2019}}</ref>

==Chemistry==

Line 116:

==Legal status==

*'''Australia:''' In Western Australia, MDPV has been banned under the Poisons Act 1964, having been included in Appendix A Schedule 9 of the Poisons Act 1964 as of February 11, 2012. The Director of Public Prosecutions for Western Australia announced that anyone intending to sell or supply MDPV faces a maximum $100,000 fine or 25 years in jail. Users face a $2000 fine or two years' jail. Therefore, anyone caught with MDPV can be charged with possession, selling, supplying or intent to sell or supply.<ref>Emerging drug, MDPV banned in WA | https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/Barnett/2012/02/Emerging-drug,-MDPV-banned-in-WA.aspx</ref>

*'''Australia''': In Western Australia, MDPV has been banned under the Poisons Act 1964, having been included in Appendix A Schedule 9 of the Poisons Act 1964 as of February 11, 2012. The Director of Public Prosecutions for Western Australia announced that anyone intending to sell or supply MDPV faces a maximum $100,000 fine or 25 years in jail. Users face a $2000 fine or two years' jail. Therefore, anyone caught with MDPV can be charged with possession, selling, supplying or intent to sell or supply.<ref>Emerging drug, MDPV banned in WA | https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/Barnett/2012/02/Emerging-drug,-MDPV-banned-in-WA.aspx</ref>

*'''Austria''': Since June 26, 2019, MDPV is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the SMG. (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich)<ref>https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2019_II_167/BGBLA_2019_II_167.pdfsig</ref>

*'''Brazil:''' MDPV is illegal to produce, sell, or possess as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.<ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref>

*'''Belgium''': MDPV is a controlled substance as of March 20, 2013.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''Canada:''' On June 5, 2012 the Canadian Health Minister Leona Aglukkaq announced that MDPV would be listed on Schedule I of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, which was passed into law on September 26, 2012.<ref>'Bath salts' drug ingredient banned in Canada | http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/bath-salts-drug-ingredient-banned-in-canada-1.1174926</ref>

*'''Brazil''': MDPV is illegal to produce, sell, or possess as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.<ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref>

*'''Finland:''' MDPV is specifically listed as a controlled substance in Finland (listed appendix IV substance as of June 28, 2010),<ref>Finlex: huumausaineina pidettävistä aineista, valmisteista ja kasveista annetun valtioneuvoston asetuksen liitteen IV muuttamisesta | http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2010/20100596</ref> ~~Denmark]] and~~ Sweden. In Sweden a 33-year-old man has been sentenced to six years in prison by an appellate court, Hovrätt, for possession of 250 grams of MDPV that had been acquired prior to criminalization.<ref>Hovrätten skärper straff i MDPV-dom | http://www.nt.se/nyheter/?articleid=6057819</ref>

*'''Bulgaria''': MDPV is controlled under the Narcotic Substances Control Law as of February 2011.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''~~Germany:~~''' MDPV is controlled ~~under BtMG Anlage II, making it illegal to manufacture, import, possess, sell, or transfer it without a license~~.<ref>~~http://archive.is/QEKft~~</ref>

*'''Canada''': On June 5, 2012 the Canadian Health Minister Leona Aglukkaq announced that MDPV would be listed on Schedule I of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, which was passed into law on September 26, 2012.<ref>'Bath salts' drug ingredient banned in Canada | http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/bath-salts-drug-ingredient-banned-in-canada-1.1174926</ref>

*'''United Kingdom:''' MDPV is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.<ref>United Kingdom. (2010). Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (S.I. 2010/1207). London: The Stationery Office Limited. Retrieved February 9, 2018, from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1207/made</ref>

*'''Croatia''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''United States:''' On October 21, 2011, MDPV became a DEA federally scheduled drug. The DEA issued a temporary one-year ban on MDPV, classifying it as a schedule I substance. On December 8, 2011, under the Synthetic Drug Control Act, the US House of Representatives voted to ban MDPV and a variety of other synthetic drugs which had been sold legally in stores.<ref>House Votes to Ban 'Spice,' 'Bath Salts' ABC News | http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/house-votes-ban-fake-marijuana-fake-cocaine/story?id=15116235</ref>

*'''Cyprus''': MDPV a Class B controlled substance, as it is covered by the cathinones catch-all clause.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''Czech Republic''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''Denmark''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''Estonia ''': MDPV is a controlled substance as of November 29, 2010.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''Finland''': MDPV is specifically listed as a controlled substance in Finland (listed appendix IV substance as of June 28, 2010),<ref>Finlex: huumausaineina pidettävistä aineista, valmisteista ja kasveista annetun valtioneuvoston asetuksen liitteen IV muuttamisesta | http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2010/20100596</ref>

*'''France''': MDPV is a controlled substance as of August 2, 2012.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''Germany''': MDPV is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (''Narcotics Act, Schedule II'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html|title=Anlage II BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of July 26, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl112s1639.pdf|title=Sechsundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=§ 29 BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref>

*'''Hungary''': MDPV a Schedule A controlled psychotropic substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''Ireland''': MDPV is covered by the Misuse of Drugs Acts since May 11, 2010.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''Italy''': MDPV is a controlled substance as of December 29, 2011.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''Latvia''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''Luxembourg''': MDPV is a controlled substance as of July 30, 2012.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''Norway''': MDPV is a controlled substance as of Febuary 14, 2013.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''Poland''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''Slovakia''': MDPV a Schedule I controlled psychotropic substance as of March 1, 2011.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''Slovenia''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''Sweden''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref> In Sweden a 33-year-old man has been sentenced to six years in prison by an appellate court, Hovrätt, for possession of 250 grams of MDPV that had been acquired prior to criminalization.<ref>Hovrätten skärper straff i MDPV-dom | http://www.nt.se/nyheter/?articleid=6057819</ref>

*'''Turkey''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>

*'''United Kingdom''': MDPV is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.<ref>United Kingdom. (2010). Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (S.I. 2010/1207). London: The Stationery Office Limited. Retrieved February 9, 2018, from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1207/made</ref>

*'''United States''': On October 21, 2011, MDPV became a DEA federally scheduled drug. The DEA issued a temporary one-year ban on MDPV, classifying it as a schedule I substance. On December 8, 2011, under the Synthetic Drug Control Act, the US House of Representatives voted to ban MDPV and a variety of other synthetic drugs which had been sold legally in stores.<ref>House Votes to Ban 'Spice,' 'Bath Salts' ABC News | http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/house-votes-ban-fake-marijuana-fake-cocaine/story?id=15116235</ref>

==See also==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{headerpanel|{{Template:Warning/MDPV}}}}
-{{SummarySheet}}
+{{SummarySheet}}class::stimulant]] substance of the [[substituted cathinone|cathinone]] and [[substituted pyrrolidine|pyrrolidine]] chemical classes that produces states of
 {{SubstanceBox/MDPV}}
-'''3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone''' (also known as '''MDPV''' and imprecisely as '''Bath Salts''', among many others) is a novel, extremely potent synthetic [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[substituted cathinone|cathinone]] and [[substituted pyrrolidine|pyrrolidine]] chemical classes that produces states of extreme [[Euphoria|stimulant euphoria]], [[disinhibition]], and [[Increased libido|sexual arousal]] when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. MDPV is thought to act primarily as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI) and possesses powerful euphoric [[stimulant]] qualities. It was first developed in the 1960s by a team at Boehringer Ingelheim.<ref>US Patent 3478050 - 1-(3',4'-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-2-pyrrolidino-alkanones-(1) | https://www.google.com/patents/US3478050</ref>
+'''3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone''' (also known as '''MDPV''' and imprecisely as '''Bath Salts''', among many others) is a novel, extremely potent synthetic [[psychoactive extreme [[Euphoria|stimulant euphoria]], [[disinhibition]], and [[Increased libido|sexual arousal]] when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. MDPV is thought to act primarily as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI) and possesses powerful euphoric [[stimulant]] qualities. It was first developed in the 1960s by a team at Boehringer Ingelheim.<ref>US Patent 3478050 - 1-(3',4'-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-2-pyrrolidino-alkanones-(1) | https://www.google.com/patents/US3478050</ref>
 MDPV remained an obscure stimulant until around 2004, when it was reportedly first made available to the public as a [[designer drug]]. Products labeled as "bath salts" containing MDPV were previously sold as recreational drugs in gas stations and convenience stores in the United States, similar to the marketing strategy of [[Synthetic cannabinoids|Spice and K2]] as incense.{{citation needed}}
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 Historical reports show records of the preparation of MDPV for potential use as a CNS stimulant. It was claimed to have potential to be an alternative for racemic amphetamine and, although showing some desirable qualities such as reduced toxicity as compared to amphetamine, MDPV was chosen to not be developed as a medicinal drug.<ref>MDPV Summary | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref>
-Several incidents of psychological and physical harm have been attributed to the use of MDPV, including an unusually large number of fatalities. A total of 107 non-fatal intoxications and 99 analytically confirmed deaths related to MDPV between September 2009 and August 2013 were reported by nine European countries.<ref>EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone) | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/819/TDAS14001ENN_466653.pdf</ref>
+Several incidents of psychological and physical harm have been attributed to the use of MDPV, including an unusually large number of fatalities. A total of 107 non-fatal intoxications and 99 analytically confirmed deaths related to MDPV between September 2009 and August 2013 were reported by nine European countries.<ref name="EMCDDA">{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/819/TDAS14001ENN_466653.pdf|title=MDPV: EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone)|publisher=European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction|access-date=December 27, 2019}}</ref>
 ==Chemistry==
@@ Line 116: / Line 116: @@
 ==Legal status==
-*'''Australia:'''  In Western Australia, MDPV has been banned under the Poisons Act 1964, having been included in Appendix A Schedule 9 of the Poisons Act 1964 as of February 11, 2012. The Director of Public Prosecutions for Western Australia announced that anyone intending to sell or supply MDPV faces a maximum $100,000 fine or 25 years in jail. Users face a $2000 fine or two years' jail. Therefore, anyone caught with MDPV can be charged with possession, selling, supplying or intent to sell or supply.<ref>Emerging drug, MDPV banned in WA | https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/Barnett/2012/02/Emerging-drug,-MDPV-banned-in-WA.aspx</ref>
+*'''Australia''':  In Western Australia, MDPV has been banned under the Poisons Act 1964, having been included in Appendix A Schedule 9 of the Poisons Act 1964 as of February 11, 2012. The Director of Public Prosecutions for Western Australia announced that anyone intending to sell or supply MDPV faces a maximum $100,000 fine or 25 years in jail. Users face a $2000 fine or two years' jail. Therefore, anyone caught with MDPV can be charged with possession, selling, supplying or intent to sell or supply.<ref>Emerging drug, MDPV banned in WA | https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/Barnett/2012/02/Emerging-drug,-MDPV-banned-in-WA.aspx</ref>
 *'''Austria''': Since June 26, 2019, MDPV is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the SMG. (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich)<ref>https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2019_II_167/BGBLA_2019_II_167.pdfsig</ref>
-*'''Brazil:''' MDPV is illegal to produce, sell, or possess as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.<ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref>
+*'''Belgium''': MDPV is a controlled substance as of March 20, 2013.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
-*'''Canada:''' On June 5, 2012 the Canadian Health Minister Leona Aglukkaq announced that MDPV would be listed on Schedule I of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, which was passed into law on September 26, 2012.<ref>'Bath salts' drug ingredient banned in Canada | http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/bath-salts-drug-ingredient-banned-in-canada-1.1174926</ref>
+*'''Brazil''': MDPV is illegal to produce, sell, or possess as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.<ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref>
-*'''Finland:''' MDPV is specifically listed as a controlled substance in Finland (listed appendix IV substance as of June 28, 2010),<ref>Finlex: huumausaineina pidettävistä aineista, valmisteista ja kasveista annetun valtioneuvoston asetuksen liitteen IV muuttamisesta | http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2010/20100596</ref> Denmark]] and Sweden. In Sweden a 33-year-old man has been sentenced to six years in prison by an appellate court, Hovrätt, for possession of 250 grams of MDPV that had been acquired prior to criminalization.<ref>Hovrätten skärper straff i MDPV-dom | http://www.nt.se/nyheter/?articleid=6057819</ref>
+*'''Bulgaria''': MDPV  is controlled under the Narcotic Substances Control Law as of February 2011.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
-*'''Germany:''' MDPV is controlled under BtMG Anlage II, making it illegal to manufacture, import, possess, sell, or transfer it without a license.<ref>http://archive.is/QEKft</ref>
+*'''Canada''': On June 5, 2012 the Canadian Health Minister Leona Aglukkaq announced that MDPV would be listed on Schedule I of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, which was passed into law on September 26, 2012.<ref>'Bath salts' drug ingredient banned in Canada | http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/bath-salts-drug-ingredient-banned-in-canada-1.1174926</ref>
-*'''United Kingdom:''' MDPV is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.<ref>United Kingdom. (2010). Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (S.I. 2010/1207). London: The Stationery Office Limited. Retrieved February 9, 2018, from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1207/made</ref>
+*'''Croatia''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
-*'''United States:''' On October 21, 2011, MDPV became a DEA federally scheduled drug. The DEA issued a temporary one-year ban on MDPV, classifying it as a schedule I substance. On December 8, 2011, under the Synthetic Drug Control Act, the US House of Representatives voted to ban MDPV and a variety of other synthetic drugs which had been sold legally in stores.<ref>House Votes to Ban 'Spice,' 'Bath Salts' ABC News | http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/house-votes-ban-fake-marijuana-fake-cocaine/story?id=15116235</ref>
+*'''Cyprus''': MDPV a Class B controlled substance, as it is covered by the cathinones catch-all clause.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
+*'''Czech Republic''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
+*'''Denmark''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
+*'''Estonia ''': MDPV is a controlled substance as of November 29, 2010.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
+*'''Finland''': MDPV is specifically listed as a controlled substance in Finland (listed appendix IV substance as of June 28, 2010),<ref>Finlex: huumausaineina pidettävistä aineista, valmisteista ja kasveista annetun valtioneuvoston asetuksen liitteen IV muuttamisesta | http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2010/20100596</ref>
+*'''France''': MDPV is a controlled substance as of August 2, 2012.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
+*'''Germany''': MDPV is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (''Narcotics Act, Schedule II'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html|title=Anlage II BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of July 26, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl112s1639.pdf|title=Sechsundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=§ 29 BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
+*'''Hungary''': MDPV a Schedule A controlled psychotropic substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
+*'''Ireland''': MDPV is covered by the Misuse of Drugs Acts since May 11, 2010.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
+*'''Italy''': MDPV is a controlled substance as of December 29, 2011.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
+*'''Latvia''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
+*'''Luxembourg''': MDPV is a controlled substance as of July 30, 2012.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
+*'''Norway''': MDPV is a controlled substance as of Febuary 14, 2013.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
+*'''Poland''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
+*'''Slovakia''': MDPV a Schedule I controlled psychotropic substance as of March 1, 2011.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
+*'''Slovenia''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
+*'''Sweden''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref> In Sweden a 33-year-old man has been sentenced to six years in prison by an appellate court, Hovrätt, for possession of 250 grams of MDPV that had been acquired prior to criminalization.<ref>Hovrätten skärper straff i MDPV-dom | http://www.nt.se/nyheter/?articleid=6057819</ref>
+*'''Turkey''': MDPV is a controlled substance.<ref name="EMCDDA"></ref>
+*'''United Kingdom''': MDPV is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.<ref>United Kingdom. (2010). Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (S.I. 2010/1207). London: The Stationery Office Limited. Retrieved February 9, 2018, from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1207/made</ref>
+*'''United States''': On October 21, 2011, MDPV became a DEA federally scheduled drug. The DEA issued a temporary one-year ban on MDPV, classifying it as a schedule I substance. On December 8, 2011, under the Synthetic Drug Control Act, the US House of Representatives voted to ban MDPV and a variety of other synthetic drugs which had been sold legally in stores.<ref>House Votes to Ban 'Spice,' 'Bath Salts' ABC News | http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/house-votes-ban-fake-marijuana-fake-cocaine/story?id=15116235</ref>
 ==See also==