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Opioids: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Slaapbol R0017601.JPG|250px|thumb|Poppy pod scored to release opium latex]] | [[File:Slaapbol R0017601.JPG|250px|thumb|Poppy pod scored to release opium latex]] | ||
[[File:Mohn z06.jpg|250px|thumb|Dried pods for preparation of tea or solvent extraction of alkaloids]] | [[File:Mohn z06.jpg|250px|thumb|Dried pods for preparation of tea or solvent extraction of alkaloids]] | ||
'''Opioids''' are psychoactive substances that resemble [[morphine]] or other opiates in their pharmacological effects.{{citation needed}} Opioids work by binding to opioid [[receptors]], which are found in the central and peripheral nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract.{{citation needed}} The receptors in these organ systems mediate both the beneficial effects and the side effects of opioids. | '''Opioids''' are a class of [[psychoactive substances]] that resemble [[morphine]] or other opiates in their pharmacological effects.{{citation needed}} Opioids work by binding to opioid [[receptors]], which are found in the central and peripheral nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract.{{citation needed}} The receptors in these organ systems mediate both the beneficial effects and the side effects of opioids. | ||
Although the term opiate is often used as a synonym for opioid, the term opiate is limited to drugs derived from the natural alkaloids found in the resin of the opium poppy (''Papaver somniferum'').<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s8CXrbimviMC&pg=PA268|title=Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia: Foundations and Clinical Application: Expert Consult - Online and Print|last=Hemmings|first=Hugh C.|last2=Egan|first2=Talmage D.|publisher=Elsevier Health Scienc,es|year=2013|isbn=1437716792|page=253|language=en|quote=Opiate is the older term classically used in pharmacology to mean a drug derived from opium. Opioid, a more modern term, is used to designate all substances, both natural and synthetic, that bind to opioid receptors (including antagonists).}}</ref> | Although the term opiate is often used as a synonym for opioid, the term opiate is limited to drugs derived from the natural alkaloids found in the resin of the opium poppy (''Papaver somniferum'').<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s8CXrbimviMC&pg=PA268|title=Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia: Foundations and Clinical Application: Expert Consult - Online and Print|last=Hemmings|first=Hugh C.|last2=Egan|first2=Talmage D.|publisher=Elsevier Health Scienc,es|year=2013|isbn=1437716792|page=253|language=en|quote=Opiate is the older term classically used in pharmacology to mean a drug derived from opium. Opioid, a more modern term, is used to designate all substances, both natural and synthetic, that bind to opioid receptors (including antagonists).}}</ref> | ||
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==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
{{toxicity}} | |||
The short-term non-chronic use of opioids is not associated with any physical or neurological toxicity.{{citation needed}} | The short-term non-chronic use of opioids is not associated with any physical or neurological toxicity.{{citation needed}} | ||