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Alprazolam: Difference between revisions
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The [[anticonvulsant]] properties of benzodiazepines may be, in part or entirely, due to binding to voltage-dependent sodium channels rather than benzodiazepine receptors.<ref>Benzodiazepines, but not beta carbolines, limit high frequency repetitive firing of action potentials of spinal cord neurons in cell culture. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2450203</ref> | The [[anticonvulsant]] properties of benzodiazepines may be, in part or entirely, due to binding to voltage-dependent sodium channels rather than benzodiazepine receptors.<ref>Benzodiazepines, but not beta carbolines, limit high frequency repetitive firing of action potentials of spinal cord neurons in cell culture. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2450203</ref> | ||
Alprazolam causes a marked suppression of the | Alprazolam causes a marked suppression of the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis. Administration of alprazolam has been demonstrated to elicit an increase in striatal [[dopamine]] concentrations.<ref>Role of dopaminergic and serotonergic systems on behavioral stimulatory effects of low-dose alprazolam and lorazepam (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11226811</ref> | ||
==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
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Paradoxical reactions to [[benzodiazepines]] such as increased seizures (in epileptics), aggression, increased anxiety, violent behavior, loss of impulse control, irritability and suicidal behavior sometimes occur (although they are rare in the general population, with an incidence rate below 1%).<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18922233 | Saïas T, Gallarda T | Paradoxical aggressive reactions to benzodiazepine use: a review</ref><ref>Paton C | Benzodiazepines and disinhibition: a review | Psychiatr Bull R Coll Psychiatr | http://pb.rcpsych.org/cgi/reprint/26/12/460.pdf</ref><p> | Paradoxical reactions to [[benzodiazepines]] such as increased seizures (in epileptics), aggression, increased anxiety, violent behavior, loss of impulse control, irritability and suicidal behavior sometimes occur (although they are rare in the general population, with an incidence rate below 1%).<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18922233 | Saïas T, Gallarda T | Paradoxical aggressive reactions to benzodiazepine use: a review</ref><ref>Paton C | Benzodiazepines and disinhibition: a review | Psychiatr Bull R Coll Psychiatr | http://pb.rcpsych.org/cgi/reprint/26/12/460.pdf</ref><p> | ||
These paradoxical effects occur with greater frequency in recreational abusers, individuals with mental disorders, children, and patients on high-dosage regimes.<ref>Bond AJ | Drug-induced | These paradoxical effects occur with greater frequency in recreational abusers, individuals with mental disorders, children, and patients on high-dosage regimes.<ref>Bond AJ | Drug-induced behavioral disinhibition: incidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications | CNS Drugs</ref><ref>Drummer OH | Benzodiazepines—effects on human performance and behavior | Forensic Sci Rev</ref></p> | ||
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