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25C-NBOMe: Difference between revisions

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'''25C-NBOMe''' (also known as '''Cimbi-36''' and '''2C-C-NBOMe''') is a novel [[Psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::phenethylamine]] class. It is a member of the 25x-NBOMe series, a recently discovered group of potent psychedelic compounds derived from the [[2C-x]] family.


'''25C-NBOMe''' (also known as '''Cimbi-36''', '''2C-C-NBOMe''', and '''"N-Bomb"''', although this term is used broadly to refer to the entire [[25x-NBOMe]] family) is a novel [[Psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::phenethylamine]] class. It produces an array of visually-dominant and stimulating [[psychedelic]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]].  
The name 25C-NBOMe, which is short-hand for 2C-C-NBOMe, is a derivative of the phenethylamine psychedelic [[2C-C]]. It was discovered in 2003 by Ralf Heim at the Free University of Berlin,<ref name="Ralf Heim PhD. (2010-02-28)">Ralf Heim PhD. (2010-02-28) "Synthese und Pharmakologie potenter 5-HT2A-Rezeptoragonisten mit N-2-Methoxybenzyl-Partialstruktur. Entwicklung eines neuen Struktur-Wirkungskonzepts." | http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/receive/FUDISS_thesis_000000001221 (in German). diss.fu-berlin.de. Retrieved 2013-05-10.</ref> and subsequently investigated by a team at Purdue University led by [[David E. Nichols|David Nichols]].<ref name="Braden. (2007)">Michael Robert Braden. (2007). "Towards a biophysical understanding of hallucinogen action." | http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?Ver=1&Exp=01-23-2014&FMT=7&DID=1417800971&RQT=309&attempt=1&cfc=1 Purdue University. Retrieved 2012-08-08.</ref> It has been studied in its radiolabelled form as a potential ligand for mapping the distribution of serotonin-2A receptors in the brain using positron emission tomography (PET).<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21174090</ref><ref>http://bitnest.ca/external.php?id=%2518%253A3%25172%251BE%2524K%255BG%2521%2524%257D%2504%2504V</ref> The first reports of human use appeared in 2010 following its appearance on the online [[research chemical]] market.


The name 25C-NBOMe, which is short-hand for 2C-C-NBOMe, is a derivative of the phenethylamine psychedelic [[2C-C]]. It was discovered in 2003 by Ralf Heim at the Free University of Berlin,<ref name="Ralf Heim PhD. (2010-02-28)">Ralf Heim PhD. (2010-02-28) "Synthese und Pharmakologie potenter 5-HT2A-Rezeptoragonisten mit N-2-Methoxybenzyl-Partialstruktur. Entwicklung eines neuen Struktur-Wirkungskonzepts." | http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/receive/FUDISS_thesis_000000001221 (in German). diss.fu-berlin.de. Retrieved 2013-05-10.</ref> and subsequently investigated by a team at Purdue University led by [[David E. Nichols|David Nichols]].<ref name="Michael Robert Braden PhD. (2007)">Michael Robert Braden PhD. (2007). "Towards a biophysical understanding of hallucinogen action." | http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?Ver=1&Exp=01-23-2014&FMT=7&DID=1417800971&RQT=309&attempt=1&cfc=1 Purdue University. Retrieved 2012-08-08.</ref> It has been studied in its radiolabelled form as a potential ligand for mapping the distribution of serotonin-2A receptors in the brain, using positron emission tomography (PET).<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21174090</ref><ref>http://bitnest.ca/external.php?id=%2518%253A3%25172%251BE%2524K%255BG%2521%2524%257D%2504%2504V</ref>
[[Subjective effects]] include [[stimulation]], [[geometry|open and closed-eye visuals]], [[time distortion]], [[ego loss]], and [[euphoria]]. 25C-NBOMe's effects are sometimes compared to those of [[LSD]] or [[DOx]]. However, it is reported to have stronger visual effects and less cognitive and emotional effects like [[ego loss]] and [[introspection]]. Additionally, 25C-NBOMe is reported to be considerably more stimulating than other psychedelics. Serious side effects are more common and include [[nausea]], [[muscle tension]], [[anxiety]], cardiovascular effects, and [[seizures]].


Users note that compounds of the [[25x-NBOMe|NBOMe]] family are not [[orally]] active and should be administered [[sublingual|sublingually]] by placing and holding it into one's mouth and allowing it to absorb over a period of 15-25 minutes. 25C-NBOMe can also be vaporized and inhaled for more rapid and powerful effects and a shorter duration. However, this route of administration is highly advised against due to the difficulties of measuring and handling substances that are both active in the microgram range which highly elevates the risk of overdose.
It should be noted that members of the [[25x-NBOMe|NBOMe]] series are not [[orally]] active and should be administered [[sublingual|sublingually]] (by holding it into one's mouth and allowing it to absorb over a period of 15 minutes). 25C-NBOMe can also be vaporized and inhaled for more rapid and powerful effects and a shorter duration. However, this route of administration is highly advised against due to the difficulties of measuring and handling substances that are active in the microgram range as it significantly increases the risk of overdose. 25C-NBOMe is also sometimes sold as a counterfeit version of LSD due to its similar effects and ability to be laid onto blotter paper.  


25C-NBOMe had no history of human use before being sold online as a [[designer drug]] in 2010.{{citation needed}} Extremely little is known about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 25C-NBOMe in humans, and it has been associated with many deaths and hospitalizations. Along with its highly sensitive dose-response and unpredictable effects, many reports also suggest that this substance may be overly difficult to use safely. Therefore it is highly advised to approach this poorly understood [[psychedelic]] substance with the proper amount of precaution and [[Responsible drug use#Hallucinogens|harm reduction practices]] if choosing to use it.
Very little is known about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 25C-NBOMe. However, it has been associated with many deaths and hospitalizations which suggests that it has a significantly worse toxicity profile than classical psychedelics like [[LSD]] or [[psilocybin mushrooms]]. Along with its highly sensitive dose-response and unpredictable effects, many reports also suggest that this substance may be overly difficult to use safely. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.


==History and culture==
[[File:25C-NBOMe blotter.jpg|200px|thumbnail|Blotter paper containing 25C-NBOMe]]
[[File:25C-NBOMe blotter.jpg|200px|thumbnail|Blotter paper containing 25C-NBOMe]]
25C-NBOMe


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
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==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
The cognitive effects of 25C-NBOMe are commonly described as being notably light and underwhelming in comparison to more traditional [[psychedelics]]. It is not uncommon for user to report feeling that their thought stream has maintained a normality in style throughout low to moderate dosages. At high dosages, however, mild to overwhelming cognitive alterations become present; this dosage seems to be lower in proportion to physical effects when compared to [[25I-NBOMe]].
 


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|{{effects/cognitive|
 
The cognitive effects of 25C-NBOMe are commonly described as being notably light and underwhelming in comparison to more traditional [[psychedelics]]. It is not uncommon for user to report feeling that their thought stream has maintained a normality in style throughout low to moderate dosages. At high dosages, however, mild to overwhelming cognitive alterations become present; this dosage seems to be lower in proportion to physical effects when compared to [[25I-NBOMe]].
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' - This effect is generally only present at low doses.
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' - This effect is generally only present at low doses.
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]''' and '''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' - Although one of 25C-NBOME's effects is thought acceleration, the opposite may occur at higher doses.
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]''' and '''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' - Although one of 25C-NBOME's effects is thought acceleration, the opposite may occur at higher doses.
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It is advised that due to 25C-NBOMe's extreme potency it should not be insufflated (snorted) as this method of administration has been attributed to several fatal overdoses due to improper dosing.<ref>Near fatal intoxication with the novel psychoactive substance 25C-NBOMe (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24770890</ref><ref name="erowid" />
It is advised that due to 25C-NBOMe's extreme potency it should not be insufflated (snorted) as this method of administration has been attributed to several fatal overdoses due to improper dosing.<ref>Near fatal intoxication with the novel psychoactive substance 25C-NBOMe (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24770890</ref><ref name="erowid" />


It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substances.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.


===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Dependence and abuse potential===
25C-NBOMe is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.  
25C-NBOMe is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.  


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*'''Germany:''' Possession, production and sale is illegal.<ref>BtMG Anlage I | https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html </ref>
*'''Germany:''' Possession, production and sale is illegal.<ref>BtMG Anlage I | https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html </ref>
*'''Israel:''' The NBOMe series of psychoactives became controlled in Israel in May, 2013.<ref>https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/nbome/nbome_law.shtml</ref>
*'''Israel:''' The NBOMe series of psychoactives became controlled in Israel in May, 2013.<ref>https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/nbome/nbome_law.shtml</ref>
*'''Italy:''' In Italy 25C-NBOMe is a Schedule 1 controlled substance, meaning it's illegal in this state.<ref>Tabella 1 Stupefacenti dello Stato Italiano |http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_3729_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf</ref>
*'''Italy:''' 25C-NBOMe is a Schedule 1 controlled substance in Italy, meaning it is illegal to possess, distribute, and manufacture.<ref>Tabella 1 Stupefacenti dello Stato Italiano |http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_3729_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf</ref>
*'''Latvia:''' 25C-NBOMe is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem (2,5-Dimetoksifeniletānamīni) | http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086</ref>
*'''Latvia:''' 25C-NBOMe is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem (2,5-Dimetoksifeniletānamīni) | http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086</ref>
*'''New Zealand''' 25C-NBOMe was sold as a designer drug in New Zealand in early 2012, but was withdrawn from sale after a statement by Associate Health Minister Peter Dunne that 25C-NBOMe would be considered to be substantially similar in chemical structure to the illegal hallucinogen DOB, and was therefore a Class C controlled drug analogue.<ref>‘Legal high’ DIME not so legal | http://www.sciencemediacentre.co.nz/2012/03/13/legal-high-dime-not-so-legal/</ref>
*'''New Zealand:''' 25C-NBOMe was sold as a designer drug in New Zealand in early 2012, but was withdrawn from sale after a statement by Associate Health Minister Peter Dunne that 25C-NBOMe would be considered to be substantially similar in chemical structure to the illegal hallucinogen DOB, and was therefore a Class C controlled drug analogue.<ref>‘Legal high’ DIME not so legal | http://www.sciencemediacentre.co.nz/2012/03/13/legal-high-dime-not-so-legal/</ref>
*'''Russia:''' Russia became the first country to regulate the NBOME class. The entire NBOMe series of psychoactives became controlled in the Russian Federation starting October, 2011.<ref>https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/nbome/nbome_law.shtml</ref><ref>Постановление Правительства Российской Федерации от 6 октября 2011 г. N 822 г. Москва | http://www.rg.ru/2011/10/19/narko-dok.html</ref>
*'''Russia:''' Russia became the first country to regulate the NBOME class. The entire NBOMe series of psychoactives became controlled in the Russian Federation starting October, 2011.<ref>https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/nbome/nbome_law.shtml</ref><ref>Постановление Правительства Российской Федерации от 6 октября 2011 г. N 822 г. Москва | http://www.rg.ru/2011/10/19/narko-dok.html</ref>
*'''Sweden:''' 25C-NBOMe is classed as Schedule I.<ref>Läkemedelsverkets författningssamling - http://www.lakemedelsverket.se/upload/lvfs/LVFS_2013-15.pdf</ref>
*'''Sweden:''' 25C-NBOMe is classed as Schedule I.<ref>Läkemedelsverkets författningssamling - http://www.lakemedelsverket.se/upload/lvfs/LVFS_2013-15.pdf</ref>
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[[Category:Hallucinogen]]
[[Category:Hallucinogen]]
[[Category:Psychedelic]]
[[Category:Psychedelic]]
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|R3=OCH₃
|R4=Cl
|R5=
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