Phenibut: Difference between revisions

Line 7:

It is chemically related to [[baclofen]], [[pregabalin]], and [[gabapentin]].<ref name="one">Lapin, I. (2001). "Phenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA): A tranquilizer and nootropic drug" (pdf). CNS Drug Reviews | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00211.x/pdf</ref>

Phenibut was developed in the Soviet Union in the 1960s, where it has been used as a pharmaceutical drug to treat a wide variety of conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, asthenia, insomnia, alcoholism, stuttering, and vestibular disorders, and others.<ref name="two">Shulgina, G. I. (1986). "On neurotransmitter mechanisms of reinforcement and internal inhibition". The Pavlovian journal of biological science (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431377</ref><ref name="three">David W. Group (25 February 2015). Encyclopedia of Mind Enhancing Foods, Drugs and Nutritional Substances, 2d ed. McFarland. pp. 186–. | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZYqoBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA186&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref name="one"/> In the rest of the world, phenibut is not approved for clinical use and is instead sold as a nutritional supplement.

Phenibut was developed in the Soviet Union in the 1960s, where it has been used as a pharmaceutical drug to treat a wide variety of conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, asthenia, insomnia, alcoholism, stuttering, and vestibular disorders, and others.<ref name="two">Shulgina, G. I. (1986). "On neurotransmitter mechanisms of reinforcement and internal inhibition". The Pavlovian journal of biological science (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431377</ref><ref name="three">David W. Group (25 February 2015). Encyclopedia of Mind Enhancing Foods, Drugs and Nutritional Substances, 2d ed. McFarland. pp. 186–. | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZYqoBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA186&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref name="one" /> In the rest of the world, phenibut is not approved for clinical use and is instead sold as a nutritional supplement.

[[Subjective effects]] include [[anxiety suppression]], [[sedation]], [[muscle relaxation]], [[motivation enhancement|enhanced motivation]], and [[euphoria]]. Lower doses (under 1 gram) are typically used as a cognitive and lifestyle supplement while higher doses are used for a recreational high that is reported to be subjectively similar to [[GHB]], [[alcohol]], and certain [[benzodiazepines]].

Line 122:

*'''Australia:''' Phenibut is a schedule 9 substance in Australia as of February 1st 2018, meaning it is illegal to possess, import, supply or manufacture.{{citation needed}}

*'''Canada:''' Phenibut is not a controlled substance in Canada, meaning it is legal to possess without any sort of license or prescription. {{citation needed}}

*'''Germany:''' Phenibut is not a controlled substance under the BtMG.<ref>http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html</ref> It is legal, as long as it is not sold for human consumption, according to §2 AMG.<ref>https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/amg_1976/__2.html</ref>

*'''United Kingdom:''' Phenibut is not a controlled substance in the United Kingdom. It'' may'' be illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act 2016, which applies a blanket restriction on all "psychoactive substances" with exemptions for alcohol, nicotine and "medicinal products".<ref>Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted</ref>

*'''United States:''' Phenibut is not a controlled substance in the United States, meaning it is legal to possess without any sort of license or prescription.<ref name="eleven">Phenibut Legal Status by Erowid | https://erowid.org/smarts/phenibut/phenibut_law.shtml</ref>

Line 140:

Line 141:

==References==

[[Category:Anxiolytic]]

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 It is chemically related to [[baclofen]], [[pregabalin]], and [[gabapentin]].<ref name="one">Lapin, I. (2001). "Phenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA): A tranquilizer and nootropic drug" (pdf). CNS Drug Reviews | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00211.x/pdf</ref>
-Phenibut was developed in the Soviet Union in the 1960s, where it has been used as a pharmaceutical drug to treat a wide variety of conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, asthenia, insomnia, alcoholism, stuttering, and vestibular disorders, and others.<ref name="two">Shulgina, G. I. (1986). "On neurotransmitter mechanisms of reinforcement and internal inhibition". The Pavlovian journal of biological science (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431377</ref><ref name="three">David W. Group (25 February 2015). Encyclopedia of Mind Enhancing Foods, Drugs and Nutritional Substances, 2d ed. McFarland. pp. 186–. | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZYqoBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA186&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref name="one"/> In the rest of the world, phenibut is not approved for clinical use and is instead sold as a nutritional supplement.
+Phenibut was developed in the Soviet Union in the 1960s, where it has been used as a pharmaceutical drug to treat a wide variety of conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, asthenia, insomnia, alcoholism, stuttering, and vestibular disorders, and others.<ref name="two">Shulgina, G. I. (1986). "On neurotransmitter mechanisms of reinforcement and internal inhibition". The Pavlovian journal of biological science (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431377</ref><ref name="three">David W. Group (25 February 2015). Encyclopedia of Mind Enhancing Foods, Drugs and Nutritional Substances, 2d ed. McFarland. pp. 186–. | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZYqoBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA186&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref name="one" /> In the rest of the world, phenibut is not approved for clinical use and is instead sold as a nutritional supplement.
 [[Subjective effects]] include [[anxiety suppression]], [[sedation]], [[muscle relaxation]], [[motivation enhancement|enhanced motivation]], and [[euphoria]]. Lower doses (under 1 gram) are typically used as a cognitive and lifestyle supplement while higher doses are used for a recreational high that is reported to be subjectively similar to [[GHB]], [[alcohol]], and certain [[benzodiazepines]].
@@ Line 122: / Line 122: @@
 *'''Australia:''' Phenibut is a schedule 9 substance in Australia as of February 1st 2018, meaning it is illegal to possess, import, supply or manufacture.{{citation needed}}
 *'''Canada:''' Phenibut is not a controlled substance in Canada, meaning it is legal to possess without any sort of license or prescription. {{citation needed}}
+*'''Germany:''' Phenibut is not a controlled substance under the BtMG.<ref>http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html</ref> It is legal, as long as it is not sold for human consumption, according to §2 AMG.<ref>https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/amg_1976/__2.html</ref>
 *'''United Kingdom:''' Phenibut is not a controlled substance in the United Kingdom. It'' may'' be illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act 2016, which applies a blanket restriction on all "psychoactive substances" with exemptions for alcohol, nicotine and "medicinal products".<ref>Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted</ref>
 *'''United States:''' Phenibut is not a controlled substance in the United States, meaning it is legal to possess without any sort of license or prescription.<ref name="eleven">Phenibut Legal Status by Erowid | https://erowid.org/smarts/phenibut/phenibut_law.shtml</ref>
@@ Line 140: / Line 141: @@
 ==References==
-<references/>
+<references />
 [[Category:Anxiolytic]]