Talk:Time distortion: Difference between revisions

Line 9:

===Psychedelic effects can be produced by sensory overload in about 40% of normal subjects. Subjects tend to experience time as "speeded up" in sensory overload and "slowed down" in sensory deprivation as compared to the normal control condition===

"The potential for SD[sensory deprivation] to produce alterations in consciousness (eg, greater visual imagery, hallucinations, time distortion, etc) is well recognized, but to date little is experimentally known about the ability for SO to do likewise. So far, with the experimental paradigm employed, we have found in fact that SO[sensory overload] may produce mild to profound distortions in reality testing or "psychedelic" effects in about 40% of the normal subjects. For purposes of illustration, several verbatim excerpts from interviews conducted immediately after exposure to SO are presented."<ref>Ludwig, A. M. (1971). Self-regulation of the sensory environment: Conceptual model and potential clinical applications. Archives of general psychiatry, 25(5), 413-418. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1971.01750170029006</ref>

===More evidence for endogenous neurochemical systems that regulate this effect===

"Moreover, psychedelics may specifically activate an endogenous neurochemical system that regulates time perception (Dawson, 2004). If this is the case, and there is certainly ample evidence to suggest it is (e.g., Baruss & Vletas, 2003; Dawson, 2001; Hayes, 2000; Melges, Tinklenberg, Hollister, & Gillespie, 1970; Shanon, 2001; Strassman, 2001), the study of this temporal neurochemical system is critical. Phenomena such as aging, mental illness, and drug-induced changes in time perception may all have this system in common (Dawson, 2004). Because psychedelics seem to tap quickly and directly into this system, they may be one of the most suitable technologies for its study."

"Cannabinoid, serotonin, dopamine, and opiate receptor systems are associated with altering time consciousness and included in a neurochemical system that regulates the perception of time."

"Extending Strassman’s (2001) proposal, it is suggested here that time and the way it is regulated neurochemically is responsible for the perception of interpersonal boundaries. These boundaries include age, gender, family relationships across generations, the boundary between life and death, and time pressure (or sense of being busy). When these boundaries are transcended with the use of psychedelics, we encounter fusion of self with other. It is here that one person’s consciousness may become temporally located at overlapping levels of reality."<ref>Dawson, K. A. (2005). A psychedelic neurochemistry of time. http://www.maps.org/news-letters/v15n1/pncot.pdf</ref>

===Time effects analysis===

[http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/68/2/264#sec-28 Nichols, D. E. (2016). Psychedelics. Pharmacological reviews, 68(2), 264-355.]

===Possible time reversal paper (Fig 8.)===

[https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00346/full#h7 Restructuring consciousness –the psychedelic state in light of integrated information theory]

===Nonspecific studies (just mentions time distortion for the substance)===

Line 17:

Line 27:

* [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.08.011 Methoxetamine – a novel recreational drug with potent hallucinogenic properties]

* [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.583.1262&rep=rep1&type=pdf Phenomenology of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine Use: A Thematic Analysis]

* [https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2011.605661 Voice of the Psychonauts: Coping, Life Purpose, and Spirituality in Psychedelic Drug Users]

* [https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.126.4.565 Flashbacks: Recurrent Intrusive Images After the Use of LSD]

* [https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-133X(95)00136-2 The Psychopharmacology of Hallucinogens]

* [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9 25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers]

* [https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt1973143353 Delta-8- and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Comparison in man by oral and intravenous administration]

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 ===Psychedelic effects can be produced by sensory overload in about 40% of normal subjects. Subjects tend to experience time as "speeded up" in sensory overload and "slowed down" in sensory deprivation as compared to the normal control condition===
 "The potential for SD[sensory deprivation] to produce alterations in consciousness (eg, greater visual imagery, hallucinations, time distortion, etc) is well recognized, but to date little is experimentally known about the ability for SO to do likewise. So far, with the experimental paradigm employed, we have found in fact that SO[sensory overload] may produce mild to profound distortions in reality testing or "psychedelic" effects in about 40% of the normal subjects. For purposes of illustration, several verbatim excerpts from interviews conducted immediately after exposure to SO are presented."<ref>Ludwig, A. M. (1971). Self-regulation of the sensory environment: Conceptual model and potential clinical applications. Archives of general psychiatry, 25(5), 413-418. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1971.01750170029006</ref>
+===More evidence for endogenous neurochemical systems that regulate this effect===
+"Moreover, psychedelics may specifically activate an endogenous neurochemical system that regulates time perception (Dawson, 2004). If this is the case, and there is certainly ample evidence to suggest it is (e.g., Baruss & Vletas, 2003; Dawson, 2001; Hayes, 2000; Melges, Tinklenberg, Hollister, & Gillespie, 1970; Shanon, 2001; Strassman, 2001), the study of this temporal neurochemical system is critical. Phenomena such as aging, mental illness, and drug-induced changes in time perception may all have this system in common (Dawson, 2004). Because psychedelics seem to tap quickly and directly into this system, they may be one of the most suitable technologies for its study."
+"Cannabinoid, serotonin, dopamine, and opiate receptor systems are associated with altering time consciousness and included in a neurochemical system that regulates the perception of time."
+"Extending Strassman’s (2001) proposal, it is suggested here that time and the way it is regulated neurochemically is responsible for the perception of interpersonal boundaries. These boundaries include age, gender, family relationships across generations, the boundary between life and death, and time pressure (or sense of being busy). When these boundaries are transcended with the use of psychedelics, we encounter fusion of self with other. It is here that one person’s consciousness may become temporally located at overlapping levels of reality."<ref>Dawson, K. A. (2005). A psychedelic neurochemistry of time. http://www.maps.org/news-letters/v15n1/pncot.pdf</ref>
 ===Time effects analysis===
 [http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/68/2/264#sec-28 Nichols, D. E. (2016). Psychedelics. Pharmacological reviews, 68(2), 264-355.]
+===Possible time reversal paper (Fig 8.)===
+[https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00346/full#h7 Restructuring consciousness –the psychedelic state in light of integrated information theory]
 ===Nonspecific studies (just mentions time distortion for the substance)===
@@ Line 17: / Line 27: @@
 * [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.08.011 Methoxetamine – a novel recreational drug with potent hallucinogenic properties]
 * [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.583.1262&rep=rep1&type=pdf Phenomenology of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine Use: A Thematic Analysis]
+* [https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2011.605661 Voice of the Psychonauts: Coping, Life Purpose, and Spirituality in Psychedelic Drug Users]
+* [https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.126.4.565 Flashbacks: Recurrent Intrusive Images After the Use of LSD]
+* [https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-133X(95)00136-2 The Psychopharmacology of Hallucinogens]
 * [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9 25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers]
 * [https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt1973143353 Delta-8- and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Comparison in man by oral and intravenous administration]