Spatial disorientation: Difference between revisions

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<onlyinclude>'''Spatial disorientation''' is defined as the failure to perceive or perceiving incorrectly the position, motion, or altitude of oneself within the fixed coordinate system provided by the surface of the Earth and the gravitational vertical.<ref>Cheung, B. (2013). Spatial disorientation: more than just illusion. ''Aviation, space, and environmental medicine'', ''84''(11), 1211-1214. https://doi.org/10.3357/ASEM.3657.2013</ref> In this state, a person may have trouble distinguishing up from down, right from left, or any two different directions from another. The person might also perceive the world or their own body as being flipped sideways or upside down.

<onlyinclude>'''Spatial disorientation''' is defined as the failure to perceive or perceiving incorrectly the position, motion, or altitude of oneself<ref>Peters, R. A. (1969). Dynamics of the vestibular system and their relation to motion perception, spatial disorientation, and illusions. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19690013275.pdf</ref> within the fixed coordinate system provided by the surface of the Earth and the gravitational vertical.<ref>Cheung, B. (2013). Spatial disorientation: more than just illusion. ''Aviation, space, and environmental medicine'', ''84''(11), 1211-1214. https://doi.org/10.3357/ASEM.3657.2013</ref> In this state, a person may have trouble distinguishing up from down, right from left, or any two different directions from another. The person might also perceive the world or their own body as being flipped sideways or upside down.

Spatial disorientation is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[holes, spaces and voids]], [[changes in felt gravity]],<ref>Espiard, M. L., Lecardeur, L., Abadie, P., Halbecq, I., & Dollfus, S. (2005). Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder after psilocybin consumption: a case study. European Psychiatry, 20(5), 458-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.04.008</ref> and [[dizziness]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[dissociative]] compounds, such as [[~~ketamine~~]], [[~~PCP~~]], and [[DXM]].

Spatial disorientation is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[holes, spaces and voids]], [[changes in felt gravity]],<ref>Espiard, M. L., Lecardeur, L., Abadie, P., Halbecq, I., & Dollfus, S. (2005). Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder after psilocybin consumption: a case study. European Psychiatry, 20(5), 458-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.04.008</ref> and [[dizziness]].<ref name=":0">Katselou, M., Papoutsis, I., Nikolaou, P., Misailidi, N., Spiliopoulou, C., & Athanaselis, S. (2018). Diphenidine: a dissociative NPS makes an entrance on the drug scene. ''Forensic Toxicology'', 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-018-0421-1</ref> It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[dissociative]] compounds, such as [[diphenidine]],<ref name=":0" /> [[ketamine]],<ref>Bianchi, A. (1997). Comments on “The ketamine model of the near-death experience: A central role for the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor”. ''Journal of near-death studies'', ''16''(1), 71-78. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025067412205</nowiki></ref> and [[DXM]].

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===Psychoactive substances===

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===External links===

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_disorientation Spatial disorientation (Wikipedia)]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographical_disorientation Topographical disorientation (Wikipedia)]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agraphesthesia Agraphesthesia (Wikipedia)]

===References===

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-<onlyinclude>'''Spatial disorientation''' is defined as the failure to perceive or perceiving incorrectly the position, motion, or altitude of oneself within the fixed coordinate system provided by the surface of the Earth and the gravitational vertical.<ref>Cheung, B. (2013). Spatial disorientation: more than just illusion. ''Aviation, space, and environmental medicine'', ''84''(11), 1211-1214. https://doi.org/10.3357/ASEM.3657.2013</ref> In this state, a person may have trouble distinguishing up from down, right from left, or any two different directions from another. The person might also perceive the world or their own body as being flipped sideways or upside down.
+<onlyinclude>'''Spatial disorientation''' is defined as the failure to perceive or perceiving incorrectly the position, motion, or altitude of oneself<ref>Peters, R. A. (1969). Dynamics of the vestibular system and their relation to motion perception, spatial disorientation, and illusions. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19690013275.pdf</ref> within the fixed coordinate system provided by the surface of the Earth and the gravitational vertical.<ref>Cheung, B. (2013). Spatial disorientation: more than just illusion. ''Aviation, space, and environmental medicine'', ''84''(11), 1211-1214. https://doi.org/10.3357/ASEM.3657.2013</ref> In this state, a person may have trouble distinguishing up from down, right from left, or any two different directions from another. The person might also perceive the world or their own body as being flipped sideways or upside down.
-Spatial disorientation is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[holes, spaces and voids]], [[changes in felt gravity]],<ref>Espiard, M. L., Lecardeur, L., Abadie, P., Halbecq, I., & Dollfus, S. (2005). Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder after psilocybin consumption: a case study. European Psychiatry, 20(5), 458-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.04.008</ref> and [[dizziness]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[dissociative]] compounds, such as [[ketamine]], [[PCP]], and [[DXM]].
+Spatial disorientation is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[holes, spaces and voids]], [[changes in felt gravity]],<ref>Espiard, M. L., Lecardeur, L., Abadie, P., Halbecq, I., & Dollfus, S. (2005). Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder after psilocybin consumption: a case study. European Psychiatry, 20(5), 458-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.04.008</ref> and [[dizziness]].<ref name=":0">Katselou, M., Papoutsis, I., Nikolaou, P., Misailidi, N., Spiliopoulou, C., & Athanaselis, S. (2018). Diphenidine: a dissociative NPS makes an entrance on the drug scene. ''Forensic Toxicology'', 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-018-0421-1</ref> It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[dissociative]] compounds, such as [[diphenidine]],<ref name=":0" /> [[ketamine]],<ref>Bianchi, A. (1997). Comments on “The ketamine model of the near-death experience: A central role for the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor”. ''Journal of near-death studies'', ''16''(1), 71-78. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025067412205</nowiki></ref> and [[DXM]].
 </onlyinclude>
 ===Psychoactive substances===
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 ===External links===
 * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_disorientation Spatial disorientation (Wikipedia)]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographical_disorientation Topographical disorientation (Wikipedia)]
 * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agraphesthesia Agraphesthesia (Wikipedia)]
 ===References===