3-FPM: Difference between revisions

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'''3-Fluorophenmetrazine''' (also known as '''3F-Phenmetrazine''', '''PAL-593''', and '''3-FPM''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[Chemical class::phenylmorpholine]] class. 3-FPM is a derivative of [[phenmetrazine]], a once-popular stimulant substance that was clinically used as an anorectic in Europe in the 1950s.<ref> Kalant, Oriana Josseau (1966). The Amphetamines: Toxicity and Addiction. ISBN 0-398-02511-8.</ref> It produces its activity by increasing the levels of [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]] in the brain.

'''3-Fluorophenmetrazine''' (also known as '''3F-Phenmetrazine''', '''PAL-593''', and '''3-FPM''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[Chemical class::phenylmorpholine]] class. 3-FPM is a derivative of [[phenmetrazine]], a once-popular stimulant substance that was clinically used as an anorectic in Europe in the 1950s.<ref>Kalant, Oriana Josseau (1966). The Amphetamines: Toxicity and Addiction. ISBN 0-398-02511-8.</ref> It produces its activity by increasing the levels of [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]] in the brain.

The synthesis and pharmacology of 3-FPM was first reported in a patent filed in 2011.<ref>Blough, B. E., Rothman, R., Landavazo, A., Page, K. M., & Decker, A. M. (2017). U.S. Patent No. 9,617,229. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.</ref> Reports of human use first surfaced in early 2015 after it appeared for sale on the online [[research chemical]] market.

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The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 3-FPM use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 3-FPM has very little history of human usage.

Anecdotal evidence ~~suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health~~ effects ~~attributed to simply trying this substance~~ at low to moderate doses ~~by itself~~ and ~~using it sparingly (but nothing can~~ be ~~completely guaranteed)~~.

Anecdotal evidence regarding potential toxicity is somewhat divided, with most users encountering few side-effects at low to moderate doses. However, several users have encountered serious flu-like symptoms on the comedown of 3-FPM, consisting of muscle and joint aches, fever and chills, and headaches, sometimes with migraine auras present. This is speculated to be systemic inflammation induced by 3-FPM, therefore new users should exercise great caution in dosing to gauge their own physiological response to the chemical.

It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.

🤯It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.

===Tolerance and addiction potential===

As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of 3-FPM can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.

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 {{SubstanceBox/3-FPM}}
-'''3-Fluorophenmetrazine''' (also known as '''3F-Phenmetrazine''', '''PAL-593''', and '''3-FPM''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[Chemical class::phenylmorpholine]] class. 3-FPM is a derivative of [[phenmetrazine]], a once-popular stimulant substance that was clinically used as an anorectic in Europe in the 1950s.<ref> Kalant, Oriana Josseau (1966). The Amphetamines: Toxicity and Addiction. ISBN 0-398-02511-8.</ref> It produces its activity by increasing the levels of [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]] in the brain.
+'''3-Fluorophenmetrazine''' (also known as '''3F-Phenmetrazine''', '''PAL-593''', and '''3-FPM''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[Chemical class::phenylmorpholine]] class. 3-FPM is a derivative of [[phenmetrazine]], a once-popular stimulant substance that was clinically used as an anorectic in Europe in the 1950s.<ref>Kalant, Oriana Josseau (1966). The Amphetamines: Toxicity and Addiction. ISBN 0-398-02511-8.</ref> It produces its activity by increasing the levels of [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]] in the brain.
 The synthesis and pharmacology of 3-FPM was first reported in a patent filed in 2011.<ref>Blough, B. E., Rothman, R., Landavazo, A., Page, K. M., & Decker, A. M. (2017). U.S. Patent No. 9,617,229. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.</ref> Reports of human use first surfaced in early 2015 after it appeared for sale on the online [[research chemical]] market.
@@ Line 95: / Line 95: @@
 The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 3-FPM use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 3-FPM has very little history of human usage.
-Anecdotal evidence suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).
+Anecdotal evidence regarding potential toxicity is somewhat divided, with most users encountering few side-effects at low to moderate doses. However, several users have encountered serious flu-like symptoms on the comedown of 3-FPM, consisting of muscle and joint aches, fever and chills, and headaches, sometimes with migraine auras present. This is speculated to be systemic inflammation induced by 3-FPM, therefore new users should exercise great caution in dosing to gauge their own physiological response to the chemical.
-It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
+🤯It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
 ===Tolerance and addiction potential===
 As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of 3-FPM can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.