GHB: Difference between revisions

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'''~~GHB~~'''~~, also known as~~ '''γ-~~Hydroxybutyric acid~~''' ~~and~~ '''4-~~hydroxybutanoic acid~~'''~~, is a naturally occurring substance found in the human central nervous system, as well as in wine, beef, small citrus fruits, and in small amounts in almost all animals~~.[1~~] It is also categorized as an illegal drug in many countries.[2]~~

{| class="wikitable" align="right"

! colspan="2" style="background:lightblue;font-size:10pt" | GHB

|-

|-

| colspan="2" style="background:lightblue;text-align:center;font-size:9pt" | '''Dosage'''

|-

| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:9pt" | ''Differs between its varying forms.''

|-

| colspan="2" style="background:lightblue;text-align:center;font-size:9pt" | '''Duration'''

|-6

| style="font-size:9pt" | ''Total Duration''|| style="font-size:9pt" | 1.5 - 3 hrs

|-

| style="font-size:9pt" | ''Onset''|| style="font-size:9pt" | 15 - 30 mins

|-

| style="font-size:9pt" | ''Initial effects''|| style="font-size:9pt" | 15 - 20 mins

|-

| style="font-size:9pt" | ''Peak''|| style="font-size:9pt" | 30 - 90 mins

|-

| style="font-size:9pt" | ''Coming down''|| style="font-size:9pt" | 45 - 60 mins

|-

| style="font-size:9pt" | ''Hang over / After effects''|| style="font-size:9pt" | 1 - 36 hrs

GHB ~~as the sodium salt~~, known as ~~sodium oxybate (INN) or by the trade name Xyrem~~,[3] is ~~used to treat cataplexy[4] and excessive daytime sleepiness~~ in ~~patients with narcolepsy. It has also been used in a medical setting~~ as ~~a general anesthetic, to treat conditions such~~ as ~~insomnia~~, ~~clinical depression~~, ~~narcolepsy~~, and ~~alcoholism~~, ~~and~~ to ~~improve athletic performance~~.~~[5] It is also used as an intoxicant (illegally in many jurisdictions~~) ~~or as a date rape drug~~.~~[6]~~

|}'''GHB''', also known as '''γ-Hydroxybutyric acid''' and '''4-hydroxybutanoic acid''', is a naturally occurring substance with [[depressant]] effects which is found in the human central nervous system, as well as in wine, beef, small citrus fruits, and in small amounts in almost all animals.<ref>Weil, Andrew; Winifred Rosen (1993). "Depressants". From Chocolate to Morphine (2nd ed.). Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 77. ISBN 0-395-66079-3.</ref>

GHB is naturally produced in the human body's cells ~~and is structurally related to the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate~~. As a supplement or drug, it is used most commonly in the form of a salt. GHB is also produced as a result of fermentation, and so is found in small quantities in some beers and wines. Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is a disease that causes GHB to accumulate in the blood.

GHB as the sodium salt, known as sodium oxybate (INN) or by the trade name Xyrem,<ref>http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?rpc=66&symbol=JAZZ.O</ref> is used to treat cataplexy<ref>Sodium Oxybate | http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a605032.html</ref> and excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with narcolepsy. It has also been used in a medical setting as a general anesthetic, to treat conditions such as insomnia, clinical depression, narcolepsy, and alcoholism, and to improve athletic performance.[5] It is also used as an intoxicant (illegally in many jurisdictions) or as a date rape drug.<ref>GHB, GBL and 1,4BD as Date Rape Drugs | http://web.archive.org/web/20120510151441/http://www.justice.gov/dea//ongoing/daterapep.html</ref>

GHB is naturally produced in the human body's cells. As a supplement or drug, it is used most commonly in the form of a salt. GHB is also produced as a result of fermentation, and so is found in small quantities in some beers and wines. Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is a disease that causes GHB to accumulate in the blood.

==Chemistry==

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-'''GHB''', also known as '''γ-Hydroxybutyric acid''' and '''4-hydroxybutanoic acid''', is a naturally occurring substance found in the human central nervous system, as well as in wine, beef, small citrus fruits, and in small amounts in almost all animals.[1] It is also categorized as an illegal drug in many countries.[2]
+{| class="wikitable" align="right"
+! colspan="2" style="background:lightblue;font-size:10pt" | GHB
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:7pt" | [[File:GHB.png|noframe|88px]]<br />[[File:GHB-3D-balls.png|noframe|88px]]<br>The skeletal formula of GHB.<br> [[File:Interesting alcoholic beverages.jpg|noframe|250px]]<br>A selection of various alcoholic beverages.
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="background:lightblue;text-align:center;font-size:9pt" | '''Dosage'''
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:9pt" | ''Differs between its varying forms.''
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="background:lightblue;text-align:center;font-size:9pt" | '''Duration'''
+|-6
+| style="font-size:9pt" | ''Total Duration''|| style="font-size:9pt" | 1.5 - 3 hrs
+|-
+| style="font-size:9pt" | ''Onset''|| style="font-size:9pt" | 15 - 30 mins
+|-
+| style="font-size:9pt" | ''Initial effects''|| style="font-size:9pt" | 15 - 20 mins
+|-
+| style="font-size:9pt" | ''Peak''|| style="font-size:9pt" | 30 - 90 mins
+|-
+| style="font-size:9pt" | ''Coming down''|| style="font-size:9pt" | 45 - 60 mins
+|-
+| style="font-size:9pt" | ''Hang over / After effects''|| style="font-size:9pt" | 1 - 36 hrs
-GHB as the sodium salt, known as sodium oxybate (INN) or by the trade name Xyrem,[3] is used to treat cataplexy[4] and excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with narcolepsy. It has also been used in a medical setting as a general anesthetic, to treat conditions such as insomnia, clinical depression, narcolepsy, and alcoholism, and to improve athletic performance.[5] It is also used as an intoxicant (illegally in many jurisdictions) or as a date rape drug.[6]
+|}'''GHB''', also known as '''γ-Hydroxybutyric acid''' and '''4-hydroxybutanoic acid''', is a naturally occurring substance with [[depressant]] effects which is found in the human central nervous system, as well as in wine, beef, small citrus fruits, and in small amounts in almost all animals.<ref>Weil, Andrew; Winifred Rosen (1993). "Depressants". From Chocolate to Morphine (2nd ed.). Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 77. ISBN 0-395-66079-3.</ref>
-GHB is naturally produced in the human body's cells and is structurally related to the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate. As a supplement or drug, it is used most commonly in the form of a salt. GHB is also produced as a result of fermentation, and so is found in small quantities in some beers and wines. Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is a disease that causes GHB to accumulate in the blood.
+GHB as the sodium salt, known as sodium oxybate (INN) or by the trade name Xyrem,<ref>http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?rpc=66&symbol=JAZZ.O</ref> is used to treat cataplexy<ref>Sodium Oxybate | http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a605032.html</ref> and excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with narcolepsy. It has also been used in a medical setting as a general anesthetic, to treat conditions such as insomnia, clinical depression, narcolepsy, and alcoholism, and to improve athletic performance.[5] It is also used as an intoxicant (illegally in many jurisdictions) or as a date rape drug.<ref>GHB, GBL and 1,4BD as Date Rape Drugs | http://web.archive.org/web/20120510151441/http://www.justice.gov/dea//ongoing/daterapep.html</ref>
+GHB is naturally produced in the human body's cells. As a supplement or drug, it is used most commonly in the form of a salt. GHB is also produced as a result of fermentation, and so is found in small quantities in some beers and wines. Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is a disease that causes GHB to accumulate in the blood.
 ==Chemistry==