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Cocoa: Difference between revisions
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[[File:cocoa pods.JPG|300px|thumbnail|right|Cocoa pods growing on the plant.]] | [[File:cocoa pods.JPG|300px|thumbnail|right|Cocoa pods growing on the plant.]] | ||
'''Cocoa''', or ''cocoa powder'' is a naturally occurring product known for being a main ingredient in chocolate. It is found usually in the form of cocoa beans, which are taken from the cocoa plant, or cocoa powder. Cocoa beans and bean powder contain psychoactive compounds that when ingested or insufflated act as mild to moderate stimulants. Businesses as well as companies and their subsidiaries sell cocoa powder for baking because cocoa powder is used to add chocolate flavor to baked items or doughs. | '''Cocoa''', or ''cocoa powder'' is a naturally occurring product known for being a main ingredient in chocolate. It is found usually in the form of cocoa beans, which are taken from the cocoa plant, or cocoa powder. Cocoa beans and bean powder contain psychoactive compounds that when ingested or insufflated act as mild to moderate stimulants. Businesses as well as companies and their subsidiaries sell cocoa powder for baking because cocoa powder is used to add chocolate flavor to baked items or doughs. | ||
====Insufflated==== | ====Insufflated==== | ||
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Common | 0.5-2g (0.25-1tsp) | Common | 0.5-2g (0.25-1tsp) | ||
Duration: | Duration: | ||
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==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
{{pharmacology}} | {{pharmacology}} | ||
The compounds theobromine, [[caffeine]], and [[phenethylamine]] are the main psychoactive constituents of cocoa. Caffeine and theobromine are metabolized by xanthine oxidase and phenethylamine is metabolized mainly by monoamine oxidase A | The compounds theobromine, [[caffeine]], and [[phenethylamine]] are the main psychoactive constituents of cocoa. Caffeine and theobromine are metabolized by xanthine oxidase and phenethylamine is metabolized mainly by monoamine oxidase A. | ||
==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
It is recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug. | It is recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug. | ||
Although cocoa is relatively safe when ingested orally, snorting cocoa is very damaging to nasal passages and therefore it is not recommended to snort cocoa powder often, in large amounts, or potentially even at all. | Although cocoa is relatively safe when ingested orally, snorting cocoa is very damaging to nasal passages and therefore it is not recommended to snort cocoa powder often, in large amounts, or potentially even at all. | ||
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===Overdose=== | |||
The LD<sub>50</sub> of cocoa powder in humans is estimated to be around 25-100{{vague}} grams per kilogram of body weight. {{citation needed}} | The LD<sub>50</sub> of cocoa powder in humans is estimated to be around 25-100{{vague}} grams per kilogram of body weight. {{citation needed}} | ||
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===Dependence and abuse potential=== | |||
Because cocoa can act as a powerful (compared to other weaker stimulants on their own) stimulant, it can be considered addictive, but less so than compounds such as [[amphetamine]] and [[DOx]] compounds. Caffeine dependence and withdrawals have been documented. | Because cocoa can act as a powerful (compared to other weaker stimulants on their own) stimulant, it can be considered addictive, but less so than compounds such as [[amphetamine]] and [[DOx]] compounds. Caffeine dependence and withdrawals have been documented. | ||
<ref>Sajadi-Ernazarova, K., & Hamilton, R. (2017, May 11). Caffeine, Withdrawal - PubMed - NCBI. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28613541</ref> | <ref>Sajadi-Ernazarova, K., & Hamilton, R. (2017, May 11). Caffeine, Withdrawal - PubMed - NCBI. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28613541</ref> | ||
===Dangerous interactions=== | |||
[[MAOI|monoamine oxidase inhibitors]] or [[RIMA|reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase]] could potentially boost the actions of phenethylamine{{citation needed}} or, more dangerously, raise levels of [[monoamine|monoamines]] to very high amounts which could cause high blood pressure or less potentially, serotonin syndrome. | |||
==Legality== | ==Legality== | ||
{{LegalStub}} | {{LegalStub}} | ||
Cocoa powder can be legally obtained likely in every country, although some countries have restrictions on the sale of caffeine. | Cocoa powder can be legally obtained likely in every country, although some countries have restrictions on the sale of caffeine. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Responsible use]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||
*[[Caffeine]] | *[[Caffeine]] | ||
*[[Phenethylamine]] | *[[Phenethylamine]] | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobroma_cacao ''Theobroma cacao'' (Wikipedia)] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobroma_cacao ''Theobroma cacao'' (Wikipedia)] | ||
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<references /> | <references /> | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
[[Category:Substance]][[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Category:Proofread]] | [[Category:Substance]][[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Category:Proofread]] | ||