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Peganum harmala: Difference between revisions
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Syrian rue seeds contain several different harmala alkaloids at slightly varying percentages. Only some are monoamine oxidase A inhibitors. In one study, total harmala alkaloids were at least 5.9% of dried weight.<ref>http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2013;volume=7;issue=14;spage=199;epage=212;aulast=Moloudizargari</ref><ref>http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15563650701323205</ref> | Syrian rue seeds contain several different harmala alkaloids at slightly varying percentages. Only some are monoamine oxidase A inhibitors. In one study, total harmala alkaloids were at least 5.9% of dried weight.<ref>http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2013;volume=7;issue=14;spage=199;epage=212;aulast=Moloudizargari</ref><ref>http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15563650701323205</ref> | ||
*[[Harmane]], 0.16%<ref name=partial>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hemmateenejad B, Abbaspour A, Maghami H, Miri R, Panjehshahin MR |title=Partial least squares-based multivariate spectral calibration method for simultaneous determination of beta-carboline derivatives in Peganum harmala seed extracts |journal=Anal. Chim. Acta |volume=575 |issue=2 |pages=290–9 |date=August 2006 |pmid=17723604 |doi=10.1016/j.aca.2006.05.093}}</ref> Harman is a selective MAO-A inhibitor.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16139309</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8149995</ref> | *[[Harmane]], 0.16%<ref name=partial>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hemmateenejad B, Abbaspour A, Maghami H, Miri R, Panjehshahin MR |title=Partial least squares-based multivariate spectral calibration method for simultaneous determination of beta-carboline derivatives in Peganum harmala seed extracts |journal=Anal. Chim. Acta |volume=575 |issue=2 |pages=290–9 |date=August 2006 |pmid=17723604 |doi=10.1016/j.aca.2006.05.093}}</ref> Harman is a selective MAO-A inhibitor.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16139309</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8149995</ref> | ||
*[[Harmine]], 0.44%<ref name=chroma>{{cite journal |vauthors=Pulpati H, Biradar YS, Rajani M |title=High-performance thin-layer chromatography densitometric method for the quantification of harmine, harmaline, vasicine, and vasicinone in Peganum harmala |journal=J AOAC Int |volume=91 |issue=5 |pages=1179–85 |year=2008 |pmid=18980138}}</ref>–1.84%<ref name=partial/>–4.3%<ref name=new1>{{cite journal |vauthors=Herraiz T, González D, Ancín-Azpilicueta C, Arán VJ, Guillén H |title=beta-Carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) |journal=Food Chem. Toxicol. |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=839–45 |date=March 2010 |pmid=20036304 |doi=10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.019}}</ref> Harmine is a nonselective MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitor. Also, the coatings of the seeds are said to contain large amounts of harmine.<ref name=cdfa/> | *[[Harmine]], 0.44%<ref name=chroma>{{cite journal |vauthors=Pulpati H, Biradar YS, Rajani M |title=High-performance thin-layer chromatography densitometric method for the quantification of harmine, harmaline, vasicine, and vasicinone in Peganum harmala |journal=J AOAC Int |volume=91 |issue=5 |pages=1179–85 |year=2008 |pmid=18980138}}</ref>–1.84%<ref name=partial/>–4.3%<ref name=new1>{{cite journal |vauthors=Herraiz T, González D, Ancín-Azpilicueta C, Arán VJ, Guillén H |title=beta-Carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) |journal=Food Chem. Toxicol. |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=839–45 |date=March 2010 |pmid=20036304 |doi=10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.019}}</ref> Harmine is a nonselective MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitor. Also, the coatings of the seeds are said to contain large amounts of harmine.<ref name=cdfa>{{cite web|url= https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/plant/IPC/encycloweedia/weedinfo/peganum.htm |title=''African rue or Harmel'' |accessdate=2008-02-02 |publisher=www.cdfa.ca.gov }}</ref> but normally it is about 0.3 m tall.<ref name=nevada> | ||
{{cite book | |||
|url=http://www.unce.unr.edu/publications/files/nr/2001/FS0145.pdf | |||
|title=Recognition and Control of African Rue in Nevada | |||
|publisher=[[University of Nevada, Reno]] | |||
|year=2001 | |||
|first1=Jay |last1=Davison |first2=Mike |last2=Wargo | |||
|oclc=50788872 | |||
}} | |||
</ref> | |||
*[[Harmaline]], 0.25%<ref name=partial/>–0.79%<ref name=chroma/>–5.6%<ref name=new1/> Harmaline is a [[RIMA]].<ref>{{ cite book | author = Massaro, E. J. | title = Handbook of Neurotoxicology | publisher = Humana Press | location = Totowa, NJ | year = 2002 | isbn = 0-89603-796-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2c2K-epbCDQC&pg=PA237&lpg=PA237&dq=harmaline+antidepressant | page = 237 }}</ref> | *[[Harmaline]], 0.25%<ref name=partial/>–0.79%<ref name=chroma/>–5.6%<ref name=new1/> Harmaline is a [[RIMA]].<ref>{{ cite book | author = Massaro, E. J. | title = Handbook of Neurotoxicology | publisher = Humana Press | location = Totowa, NJ | year = 2002 | isbn = 0-89603-796-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2c2K-epbCDQC&pg=PA237&lpg=PA237&dq=harmaline+antidepressant | page = 237 }}</ref> | ||
*[[Harmalol]], 0.6%<ref name=new1/>–3.90%<ref name=partial/> | *[[Harmalol]], 0.6%<ref name=new1/>–3.90%<ref name=partial/> | ||
*[[Tetrahydroharmine]], 0.1%<ref name=new1/> | *[[Tetrahydroharmine]], 0.1%<ref name=new1/> | ||
:Total [[harmala alkaloid]]s were at least 5.9% of dried weight, in one study.<ref name=partial/> | :Total [[harmala alkaloid]]s were at least 5.9% of dried weight, in one study.<ref name=partial/> | ||
*Vasicine (peganine),<ref name=nook/> 0.25%<ref name=chroma/> | *Vasicine (peganine),<ref name="nook">http://www.thenook.org/archives/tek/06332ott.html{{full citation needed|date=May 2013}}</ref> | ||
0.25%<ref name=chroma/> | |||
*Vasicinone,<ref name=nook/> 0.0007%<ref name=chroma/> | *Vasicinone,<ref name=nook/> 0.0007%<ref name=chroma/> | ||