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Suggestibility suppression: Difference between revisions
>Graham Refs: Alcohol causes this effect + mediated by anger (irritability) |
>Graham Ref: Stimulants inconsistently produce this effect |
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[[Alcohol]] has been shown to decrease suggestibility in a dose-dependent manner,<ref name="SanttilaEkholm1998">{{cite journal|last1=Santtila|first1=Pekka|last2=Ekholm|first2=Magnus|last3=Niemi|first3=Pekka|title=Factors moderating the effects of alcohol on interrogative suggestibility|journal=Psychology, Crime & Law|volume=4|issue=2|year=1998|pages=139–152|issn=1068-316X|doi=10.1080/10683169808401754}}</ref><ref name="SanttilaEkholm1999">{{cite journal|last1=Santtila|first1=Pekka|last2=Ekholm|first2=Magnus|last3=Niemi|first3=Pekka|title=The effects of alcohol on interrogative suggestibility: The role of State-Anxiety and mood states as mediating factors|journal=Legal and Criminological Psychology|volume=4|issue=1|year=1999|pages=1–13|issn=13553259|doi=10.1348/135532599167707}}</ref> while its withdrawals increases suggestibility.<ref name="GudjonssonHannesdottir2002">{{cite journal|last1=Gudjonsson|first1=Gisli|last2=Hannesdottir|first2=Kristin|last3=Petursson|first3=Hannes|last4=Bjornsson|first4=Gudbjorn|title=The effects of alcohol withdrawal on mental state, interrogative suggestibility and compliance: an experimental study|journal=The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry|volume=13|issue=1|year=2002|pages=53–67|issn=0958-5184|doi=10.1080/09585180210122682}}</ref> A large proportion of individuals who come in contact with law enforcement personnel are under the influence of alcohol, including perpetrators, victims, and witnesses of crimes. This has to be taken into account when investigative interviews are planned and conducted, and when the reliability of the information derived from such interviews is evaluated.<ref name="SanttilaEkholm1998"/><ref name="SanttilaEkholm1999"/><ref name="GudjonssonHannesdottir2002"/> | [[Alcohol]] has been shown to decrease suggestibility in a dose-dependent manner,<ref name="SanttilaEkholm1998">{{cite journal|last1=Santtila|first1=Pekka|last2=Ekholm|first2=Magnus|last3=Niemi|first3=Pekka|title=Factors moderating the effects of alcohol on interrogative suggestibility|journal=Psychology, Crime & Law|volume=4|issue=2|year=1998|pages=139–152|issn=1068-316X|doi=10.1080/10683169808401754}}</ref><ref name="SanttilaEkholm1999">{{cite journal|last1=Santtila|first1=Pekka|last2=Ekholm|first2=Magnus|last3=Niemi|first3=Pekka|title=The effects of alcohol on interrogative suggestibility: The role of State-Anxiety and mood states as mediating factors|journal=Legal and Criminological Psychology|volume=4|issue=1|year=1999|pages=1–13|issn=13553259|doi=10.1348/135532599167707}}</ref> while its withdrawals increases suggestibility.<ref name="GudjonssonHannesdottir2002">{{cite journal|last1=Gudjonsson|first1=Gisli|last2=Hannesdottir|first2=Kristin|last3=Petursson|first3=Hannes|last4=Bjornsson|first4=Gudbjorn|title=The effects of alcohol withdrawal on mental state, interrogative suggestibility and compliance: an experimental study|journal=The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry|volume=13|issue=1|year=2002|pages=53–67|issn=0958-5184|doi=10.1080/09585180210122682}}</ref> A large proportion of individuals who come in contact with law enforcement personnel are under the influence of alcohol, including perpetrators, victims, and witnesses of crimes. This has to be taken into account when investigative interviews are planned and conducted, and when the reliability of the information derived from such interviews is evaluated.<ref name="SanttilaEkholm1998"/><ref name="SanttilaEkholm1999"/><ref name="GudjonssonHannesdottir2002"/> | ||
Suggestibility suppression is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[irritability]]<ref name="SanttilaEkholm1998"/> and [[ego inflation]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[stimulant]] compounds, particularly [[dopaminergic]] stimulants such as [[nicotine]],<ref name="NetterMüller1994">{{cite journal|last1=Netter|first1=P.|last2=Müller|first2=M.J.|last3=Neumann|first3=A.|last4=Kamradik|first4=B.|title=The influence of nicotine on performance, mood, and physiological parameters as related to smoking habit, gender, and suggestibility|journal=The Clinical Investigator|volume=72|issue=7|year=1994|issn=0941-0198|doi=10.1007/BF00207480}}</ref> [[amphetamine]], and [[cocaine]]. However, | Suggestibility suppression is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[irritability]]<ref name="SanttilaEkholm1998"/> and [[ego inflation]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[GABAergic]] [[depressant|depressants]].<ref name="SanttilaEkholm1998"/><ref name="SanttilaEkholm1999"/><ref name="GudjonssonHannesdottir2002"/></onlyinclude> It may also be induced in an inconsistent manner under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[stimulant]] compounds, particularly [[dopaminergic]] stimulants such as [[nicotine]],<ref name="NetterMüller1994">{{cite journal|last1=Netter|first1=P.|last2=Müller|first2=M.J.|last3=Neumann|first3=A.|last4=Kamradik|first4=B.|title=The influence of nicotine on performance, mood, and physiological parameters as related to smoking habit, gender, and suggestibility|journal=The Clinical Investigator|volume=72|issue=7|year=1994|issn=0941-0198|doi=10.1007/BF00207480}}</ref> [[amphetamine]], and [[cocaine]]. However, the specific situations in which suggestibility suppression will or will not occur under the influence of these compounds remains unpredictable and seemingly depends on the individual's gender or specific personality traits.<ref name="NetterMüller1994"/><ref name="AmigóFerrández2015">{{cite journal|last1=Amigó|first1=Salvador|last2=Ferrández|first2=Claudia|title=Experiencing Effects of Cocaine and Speed with Self-Regulation Therapy|journal=The Spanish Journal of Psychology|volume=18|year=2015|issn=1988-2904|doi=10.1017/sjp.2015.50}}</ref> | ||
===Psychoactive substances=== | ===Psychoactive substances=== | ||