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Geometry: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Switch by Sam Perkins.png|250px|thumb|right|''Switch by [https://www.flickr.com/photos/thecubb/5132746341/ Sam Perkins]'' - This image serves as an example of a single frame of typical level 4 [[psychedelic]] geometry.]]
[[File:Switch by Sam Perkins.png|250px|thumb|right|''Switch by [https://www.flickr.com/photos/thecubb/5132746341/ Sam Perkins]'' - This image serves as an example of a single frame of typical level 4 [[psychedelic]] geometry.]]
'''Geometry''' is the experience of a person's field of vision becoming partially or completely encompassed by fast-moving, colorful, and indescribably complex geometric patterns,<ref name="Bressloff">Bressloff, P. C., Cowan, J. D., Golubitsky, M., Thomas, P. J., & Wiener, M. C. (2002). What geometric visual hallucinations tell us about the visual cortex. Neural computation, 14(3), 473. https://doi.org/10.1162/089976602317250861</ref><ref>Muthukumaraswamy, S. D., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Moran, R. J., Brookes, M. J., Williams, T. M., Errtizoe, D., ... & Feilding, A. (2013). Broadband cortical desynchronization underlies the human psychedelic state. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(38), 15171-15183. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2063-13.2013</ref><ref>Abraham, H. D. (1983). Visual phenomenology of the LSD flashback. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 40(8), 885. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009</ref><ref>Siegel RK, Jarvik ME: Drug-induced hallucinations in animals and
'''Geometry''' is the experience of a person's field of vision becoming partially or completely encompassed by fast-moving, colorful, and indescribably complex geometric patterns,<ref name="BressloffCowan2002">{{cite journal|last1=Bressloff|first1=Paul C.|last2=Cowan|first2=Jack D.|last3=Golubitsky|first3=Martin|last4=Thomas|first4=Peter J.|last5=Wiener|first5=Matthew C.|title=What Geometric Visual Hallucinations Tell Us about the Visual Cortex|journal=Neural Computation|volume=14|issue=3|year=2002|pages=473–491|issn=0899-7667|doi=10.1162/089976602317250861}}</ref><ref name="MuthukumaraswamyCarhart-Harris2013">{{cite journal|last1=Muthukumaraswamy|first1=S. D.|last2=Carhart-Harris|first2=R. L.|last3=Moran|first3=R. J.|last4=Brookes|first4=M. J.|last5=Williams|first5=T. M.|last6=Errtizoe|first6=D.|last7=Sessa|first7=B.|last8=Papadopoulos|first8=A.|last9=Bolstridge|first9=M.|last10=Singh|first10=K. D.|last11=Feilding|first11=A.|last12=Friston|first12=K. J.|last13=Nutt|first13=D. J.|title=Broadband Cortical Desynchronization Underlies the Human Psychedelic State|journal=Journal of Neuroscience|volume=33|issue=38|year=2013|pages=15171–15183|issn=0270-6474|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2063-13.2013}}</ref><ref name="Abraham1983">{{cite journal|last1=Abraham|first1=Henry David|title=Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=40|issue=8|year=1983|pages=884|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009}}</ref><ref>Siegel RK, Jarvik ME: Drug-induced hallucinations in animals and
man, in Siegel RK, West LJ (eds): Hallucinations. New York, John Wiley &
man, in Siegel RK, West LJ (eds): Hallucinations. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1975, pp 81-162</ref><ref>Klüver, H. (1928). Mescal, and mechanisms of hallucinations. University of Chicago Press.</ref><ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014">{{cite journal|last1=Papoutsis|first1=Ioannis|last2=Nikolaou|first2=Panagiota|last3=Stefanidou|first3=Maria|last4=Spiliopoulou|first4=Chara|last5=Athanaselis|first5=Sotiris|title=25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=33|issue=1|year=2014|pages=1–11|issn=1860-8965|doi=10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9}}</ref><ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013">{{cite journal|last1=Juszczak|first1=Grzegorz R.|last2=Swiergiel|first2=Artur H.|title=Recreational Use of D-Lysergamide from the Seeds ofArgyreia Nervosa,Ipomoea Tricolor, Ipomoea Violacea,andIpomoea Purpureain Poland|journal=Journal of Psychoactive Drugs|volume=45|issue=1|year=2013|pages=79–93|issn=0279-1072|doi=10.1080/02791072.2013.763570}}</ref> [[form constants]],<ref name="Tyler1978">{{cite journal|last1=Tyler|first1=Christopher W.|title=Some new entoptic phenomena|journal=Vision Research|volume=18|issue=12|year=1978|pages=1633–1639|issn=00426989|doi=10.1016/0042-6989(78)90255-9}}</ref><ref name="YoungCole1975">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Rockefeller S.L.|last2=Cole|first2=Robert E.|last3=Gamble|first3=Michael|last4=Rayner|first4=Martin D.|title=Subjective patterns elicited by light flicker|journal=Vision Research|volume=15|issue=11|year=1975|pages=1291–1293|issn=00426989|doi=10.1016/0042-6989(75)90177-7}}</ref> shapes,<ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013"/> [[fractal]]s,<ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013"/> and colors. These geometric forms can also become structured and organized in a manner that presents genuine information to the person experiencing them far beyond the perception of meaningless, although complex, shapes, and colors. The geometric representations may feel as though they depict specific concepts and neurological processes that exist within the brain in a manner that is extremely detailed.
Sons Inc, 1975, pp 81-162</ref><ref>Klüver, H. (1928). Mescal, and mechanisms of hallucinations. University of Chicago Press.</ref><ref name="2C-B">Papoutsis, I., Nikolaou, P., Stefanidou, M., Spiliopoulou, C., & Athanaselis, S. (2015). 25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers. Forensic Toxicology, 33(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9</ref><ref name="Juszczak2013">Juszczak, G. R., & Swiergiel, A. H. (2013). Recreational use of D-lysergamide from the seeds of Argyreia nervosa, Ipomoea tricolor, Ipomoea violacea, and Ipomoea purpurea in Poland. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 45(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.763570</ref> [[form constants]],<ref>Tyler, C. W. (1978). Some new entoptic phenomena. Vision Research, 18(12), 1638. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(78)90255-9</ref><ref>Young R. S. L.. Cole R. E.. Gamble M. and Rayner M. D. (1975) Subjective patterns elicited by light flicker. Vision Res. 15. 1289-1290. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(75)90177-7</ref> shapes,<ref name="Juszczak2013"/> [[fractal]]s,<ref name="Juszczak2013"/> and colors. These geometric forms can also become structured and organized in a manner that presents genuine information to the person experiencing them far beyond the perception of meaningless, although complex, shapes, and colors. The geometric representations may feel as though they depict specific concepts and neurological processes that exist within the brain in a manner that is extremely detailed.


Geometry is rarely motionless and is generally extremely fast-moving,<ref name="2C-B"/> and self-changing in regards to its shape and style. During this process, the geometry naturally drifts laterally or radially across the visual field to create overlapping webs of geometric patterns which transition through many distinct states, all of which are visible within a single perceptual frame.
Geometry is rarely motionless and is generally extremely fast-moving,<ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014"/> and self-changing in regards to its shape and style. During this process, the geometry naturally drifts laterally or radially across the visual field to create overlapping webs of geometric patterns which transition through many distinct states, all of which are visible within a single perceptual frame.


This experience is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[internal hallucinations]],<ref name="Juszczak2013"/> [[environmental patterning]], and [[drifting]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds such as [[LSD]],<ref name="Juszczak2013"/> [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]]. However, they can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]], [[stimulant|stimulants]], and [[dissociative|dissociatives]] such as [[cannabis]],<ref name="Bressloff"/> [[MDMA]], and [[DXM]].
This experience is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[internal hallucinations]],<ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013"/> [[environmental patterning]], and [[drifting]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds such as [[LSD]],<ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013"/> [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]]. However, they can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]], [[stimulant|stimulants]], and [[dissociative|dissociatives]] such as [[cannabis]],<ref name="BressloffCowan2002"/> [[MDMA]], and [[DXM]].


This effect is capable of manifesting itself across known nine different levels of intensity, these tend to depend on the dosage, but can also fluctuate wildly in their intensity due to external triggers such as a person's [[set and setting]]. The individual levels are defined below:
This effect is capable of manifesting itself across known nine different levels of intensity, these tend to depend on the dosage, but can also fluctuate wildly in their intensity due to external triggers such as a person's [[set and setting]]. The individual levels are defined below:
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===External links===
===External links===
*[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23273798.2016.1217030 Semantic activation in LSD: evidence from picture naming]
*[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23273798.2016.1217030 Semantic activation in LSD: evidence from picture naming]
===References===
===References===
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