4-FMA: Difference between revisions

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'''4-Fluoromethamphetamine''' (abbreviated '''4-FMA''') is a ~~synthetic~~ [[~~Chemical~~ class::~~substituted amphetamine|substituted amphetamine~~]] ~~with~~ [[Psychoactive class::~~stimulant~~]] and [[~~entactogen~~]]ic effects.

'''4-Fluoromethamphetamine''' (abbreviated '''4-FMA''') is a lesser-known novel [[Psychoactive class::stimulant]]-[[Psychoactive class::entactogen]] substance of the [[Chemical class::amphetamine]] class. 4-FMA is chemically related to [[4-FA]] and [[methamphetamine]]. Little is known about its pharmacology, but it likely produces its effects by increasing levels of [[dopamine]], [[norepinephrine]], and [[serotonin]] in the brain.

~~Many users describe it subjectively~~ as ~~displaying properties~~ and ~~effects somewhere in spectrum between~~ [[4-FA]] and [[2-~~FMA~~]]~~, but with subtle variations~~ in ~~its pharmacodynamics, kinetics and side effect profile~~.

4-FMA was first detected being sold in Japan as a legal high in 2006.<ref>Machiko Nagashima; Takako Seto; Misako Takahashi; Jin Suzuki; Ichirou Yasuda (2006). "Spectrum Data of the 3rd Governor-designated Drugs and the Analyses of Uncontrolled Drugs Purchased" (PDF). Annu. Rep. Tokyo Metr. Inst. Public Health. 57: 109–113.</ref> It has been sold online as a [[research chemical]] alongside [[2-FA|2-fluoroamphetamine]] (2-FA), 3-fluoroamphetamine (3-FA) and [[4-FA|4-fluoroamphetamine]] (4-FA).<ref>The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17223101</ref><ref>Isomeric fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues ([[designer drug]]s). (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15639609</ref>.

4-FMA ~~is rarely found on the street and is usually sold~~ as ~~a rare grey area~~ [[~~research chemical~~]] ~~through online vendors, occasionally along with related~~ [[~~designer drug|designer~~]] [[~~stimulants~~]] ~~such~~ as [[2-FA|2-~~fluoroamphetamine~~]] ~~(2-FA), 3-fluoroamphetamine (3-FA) and~~ [[~~4-FA|4-fluoroamphetamine~~]] (4-~~FA)~~.~~<ref>The effects of non~~-~~medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat~~ brain ~~(PubMed~~.~~gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17223101</ref><ref>Isomeric fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues (~~[[~~designer drug~~]]~~s). (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15639609</ref>~~.

User reports describe the effects of 4-FMA as having characteristics of both traditional stimulants like [[amphetamine]] and [[entactogens]] like [[MDMA]]. Its effects have been described as subjectively lying between [[4-FA]] and [[2-FMA]]. It has been reported to be more likely to produce side effects like [[headaches]] and cardiovascular effects than similar substances.

Very little is known about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 4-FMA. 4-FMA use may produce dependence and abuse as well as damage to the brain and other organs. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.

==Chemistry==

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==Subjective effects==

In low doses, 4-FMA has been reported to be a lackluster [[nootropic]] for general productivity. {{citation needed}} Such usage would be strongly discouraged however, due to the increased risks for neurotoxicity and other dangerous side-effects. The reasoning for this warning is based on the studies showing that 4-FMA is similar to [[MDA]], and belongs to the [[entactogen]] class. Using any entactogen frequently is considered dangerous, and it is seen as unwise to take "microdoses" below the minimum dose required to experience a "roll" with members of the [[entactogen]] class. At higher dosages, it is known to become dysfunctional and recreational due to the scattering quality of its [[euphoria]] and [[stimulation]].{{citation needed}} ~~However~~, ~~some~~ reports suggest it tends to come with more side effects and bodily strain than other fluorinated amphetamines, explaining its lack of popularity and availability.<ref>4-fluoromethamphetamine (Reddit) | https://www.reddit.com/r/researchchemicals/comments/57fpu3/4fma_short_response/</ref>

In low doses, 4-FMA has been reported to be a lackluster [[nootropic]] for general productivity. {{citation needed}} Such usage would be strongly discouraged however, due to the increased risks for neurotoxicity and other dangerous side-effects. The reasoning for this warning is based on the studies showing that 4-FMA is similar to [[MDA]], and belongs to the [[entactogen]] class. Using any entactogen frequently is considered dangerous, and it is seen as unwise to take "microdoses" below the minimum dose required to experience a "roll" with members of the [[entactogen]] class. At higher dosages, it is known to become dysfunctional and recreational due to the scattering quality of its [[euphoria]] and [[stimulation]].{{citation needed}}

Similar to [[MDA]], [[MDMA]], [[4-FA]], and other substances that produce distinct pleasurable tactile "roll"-like sensations, which is typically linked to serotonin-releasing properties, 4-FMA has been reported to be able to produce similar [[entactogen]]ic effects in addition to traditional stimulant ones. Some reports suggest it tends to come with more side effects and bodily strain than other fluorinated amphetamines, explaining its lack of popularity and availability.<ref>4-fluoromethamphetamine (Reddit) | https://www.reddit.com/r/researchchemicals/comments/57fpu3/4fma_short_response/</ref>

{{effects/base

|{{effects/physical|

Similar to [[MDA]], [[MDMA]], [[4-FA]], and other substances that produce distinct pleasurable tactile "roll"-like sensations, which is typically linked to serotonin-releasing properties, 4-FMA has been reported to be able to produce similar [[entactogen]]ic effects in addition to traditional stimulant ones.

*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]'''{{citation needed}} - The stimulation which 4-FMA presents can be described as being a mix between a typical [[entactogen]] stimulation and the stimulation style of [[Methamphetamine]].

*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' - This component, relative to other fluorinated amphetamines like [[2-FA]] or [[3-FA]], has been reported to be a distinct aspect of the experience.

*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - This effect is extremely intense when compared to its physical stimulation.

*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]'''{{citation needed}} - The stimulation which 4-FMA presents can be described as being a mix between a typical [[entactogen]] stimulation and the stimulation style of [[Methamphetamine]].

*'''[[Effect::Stamina enhancement]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Bronchodilation]]'''

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*'''Canada:''' 4-FMA would be considered Schedule I as it is an analogue of Amphetamine.<ref>Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (S.C. 1996, c. 19) |http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-12.html#h-28</ref>

*'''China''' - As of October 2015 4-FMA is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref>

*'''China:''' As of October 2015 4-FMA is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref>

*'''New Zealand:''' 4-FMA is an amphetamine analogue, so is a Schedule 3 controlled substance in New Zealand.<ref>http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1975/0116/latest/whole.html#DLM436576</ref>

*'''United Kingdom:''' 4-FMA is a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act. 4-FMA is covered by the 1977 addition to the Misuse of Drugs Act of 1971.{{citation needed}}

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{SubstanceBox/4-FMA}}
-'''4-Fluoromethamphetamine''' (abbreviated '''4-FMA''') is a synthetic [[Chemical class::substituted amphetamine|substituted amphetamine]] with [[Psychoactive class::stimulant]] and [[entactogen]]ic effects.
+'''4-Fluoromethamphetamine''' (abbreviated '''4-FMA''') is a lesser-known novel [[Psychoactive class::stimulant]]-[[Psychoactive class::entactogen]] substance of the [[Chemical class::amphetamine]] class. 4-FMA is chemically related to [[4-FA]] and [[methamphetamine]]. Little is known about its pharmacology, but it likely produces its effects by increasing levels of [[dopamine]], [[norepinephrine]], and [[serotonin]] in the brain.
-Many users describe it subjectively as displaying properties and effects somewhere in spectrum between [[4-FA]] and [[2-FMA]], but with subtle variations in its pharmacodynamics, kinetics and side effect profile.
+-FMA was first detected being sold in Japan as a legal high in 2006.<ref>Machiko Nagashima; Takako Seto; Misako Takahashi; Jin Suzuki; Ichirou Yasuda (2006). "Spectrum Data of the 3rd Governor-designated Drugs and the Analyses of Uncontrolled Drugs Purchased" (PDF). Annu. Rep. Tokyo Metr. Inst. Public Health. 57: 109–113.</ref> It has been sold online as a [[research chemical]] alongside [[2-FA|2-fluoroamphetamine]] (2-FA), 3-fluoroamphetamine (3-FA) and [[4-FA|4-fluoroamphetamine]] (4-FA).<ref>The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17223101</ref><ref>Isomeric fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues ([[designer drug]]s). (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15639609</ref>.
--FMA is rarely found on the street and is usually sold as a rare grey area [[research chemical]] through online vendors, occasionally along with related [[designer drug|designer]] [[stimulants]] such as [[2-FA|2-fluoroamphetamine]] (2-FA), 3-fluoroamphetamine (3-FA) and [[4-FA|4-fluoroamphetamine]] (4-FA).<ref>The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17223101</ref><ref>Isomeric fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues ([[designer drug]]s). (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15639609</ref>.
+User reports describe the effects of 4-FMA as having characteristics of both traditional stimulants like [[amphetamine]] and [[entactogens]] like [[MDMA]]. Its effects have been described as subjectively lying between [[4-FA]] and [[2-FMA]]. It has been reported to be more likely to produce side effects like [[headaches]] and cardiovascular effects than similar substances.
+Very little is known about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 4-FMA. 4-FMA use may produce dependence and abuse as well as damage to the brain and other organs. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.
 ==Chemistry==
@@ Line 18: / Line 20: @@
 ==Subjective effects==
-In low doses, 4-FMA has been reported to be a lackluster [[nootropic]] for general productivity. {{citation needed}} Such usage would be strongly discouraged however, due to the increased risks for neurotoxicity and other dangerous side-effects. The reasoning for this warning is based on the studies showing that 4-FMA is similar to [[MDA]], and belongs to the [[entactogen]] class. Using any entactogen frequently is considered dangerous, and it is seen as unwise to take "microdoses" below the minimum dose required to experience a "roll" with members of the [[entactogen]] class. At higher dosages, it is known to become dysfunctional and recreational due to the scattering quality of its [[euphoria]] and [[stimulation]].{{citation needed}} However, some reports suggest it tends to come with more side effects and bodily strain than other fluorinated amphetamines, explaining its lack of popularity and availability.<ref>4-fluoromethamphetamine (Reddit) | https://www.reddit.com/r/researchchemicals/comments/57fpu3/4fma_short_response/</ref>
+In low doses, 4-FMA has been reported to be a lackluster [[nootropic]] for general productivity. {{citation needed}} Such usage would be strongly discouraged however, due to the increased risks for neurotoxicity and other dangerous side-effects. The reasoning for this warning is based on the studies showing that 4-FMA is similar to [[MDA]], and belongs to the [[entactogen]] class. Using any entactogen frequently is considered dangerous, and it is seen as unwise to take "microdoses" below the minimum dose required to experience a "roll" with members of the [[entactogen]] class. At higher dosages, it is known to become dysfunctional and recreational due to the scattering quality of its [[euphoria]] and [[stimulation]].{{citation needed}}
+Similar to [[MDA]], [[MDMA]], [[4-FA]], and other substances that produce distinct pleasurable tactile "roll"-like sensations, which is typically linked to serotonin-releasing properties, 4-FMA has been reported to be able to produce similar [[entactogen]]ic effects in addition to traditional stimulant ones. Some reports suggest it tends to come with more side effects and bodily strain than other fluorinated amphetamines, explaining its lack of popularity and availability.<ref>4-fluoromethamphetamine (Reddit) | https://www.reddit.com/r/researchchemicals/comments/57fpu3/4fma_short_response/</ref>
 {{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
 {{effects/base
 |{{effects/physical|
-Similar to [[MDA]], [[MDMA]], [[4-FA]], and other substances that produce distinct pleasurable tactile "roll"-like sensations, which is typically linked to serotonin-releasing properties, 4-FMA has been reported to be able to produce similar [[entactogen]]ic effects in addition to traditional stimulant ones.
+*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]'''{{citation needed}} - The stimulation which 4-FMA presents can be described as being a mix between a typical [[entactogen]] stimulation and the stimulation style of [[Methamphetamine]].
 *'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' - This component, relative to other fluorinated amphetamines like [[2-FA]] or [[3-FA]], has been reported to be a distinct aspect of the experience.
 *'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - This effect is extremely intense when compared to its physical stimulation.
 *'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]'''
-*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]'''{{citation needed}} - The stimulation which 4-FMA presents can be described as being a mix between a typical [[entactogen]] stimulation and the stimulation style of [[Methamphetamine]].
 *'''[[Effect::Stamina enhancement]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Bronchodilation]]'''
@@ Line 120: / Line 123: @@
 *'''Canada:''' 4-FMA would be considered Schedule I as it is an analogue of Amphetamine.<ref>Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (S.C. 1996, c. 19) |http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-12.html#h-28</ref>
-*'''China''' - As of October 2015 4-FMA is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref>
+*'''China:''' As of October 2015 4-FMA is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref>
 *'''New Zealand:''' 4-FMA is an amphetamine analogue, so is a Schedule 3 controlled substance in New Zealand.<ref>http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1975/0116/latest/whole.html#DLM436576</ref>
 *'''United Kingdom:''' 4-FMA is a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act. 4-FMA is covered by the 1977 addition to the Misuse of Drugs Act of 1971.{{citation needed}}