Anxiety: Difference between revisions

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'''Anxiety''' is the experience of negative feelings of apprehension, worry, and general unease.<ref name="~~DSM5Glossary~~">American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.), 818. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms</ref> These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger panic attacks or feelings of impending doom. Anxiety is often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as restlessness, difficulty concentrating, irritability, and muscular tension.<ref name="DSM5Disorders">American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.), 189-190. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm05</ref>

'''Anxiety''' is the experience of negative feelings of apprehension, worry, and general unease.<ref name="DSM5GlossaryAnxiety">American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.), 818. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms</ref> These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger panic attacks or feelings of impending doom. Anxiety is often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as restlessness, difficulty concentrating, irritability, and muscular tension.<ref name="DSM5Disorders">American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.), 189-190. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm05</ref>

''Fear'' is the emotional response to real or perceived imminent threat, whereas ''anxiety'' is anticipation of future threat. Obviously, these two states overlap, but they also differ, with fear more often associated with surges of autonomic arousal necessary for fight or flight, thoughts of immediate danger, and escape behaviors, and anxiety more often associated with muscle tension and vigilance in preparation for future danger and cautious or avoidant behaviors.<ref name="DSM5Disorders"/><ref name="Barkus2010">Barkus, C., McHugh, S. B., Sprengel, R., Seeburg, P. H., Rawlins, J. N. P., & Bannerman, D. M. (2010). Hippocampal NMDA receptors and anxiety: at the interface between cognition and emotion. European journal of pharmacology, 626(1), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.10.014</ref> This focus of anticipated danger may be internal or external.<ref name="~~DSM5Glossary~~"/>

''Fear'' is the emotional response to real or perceived imminent threat, whereas ''anxiety'' is anticipation of future threat. Obviously, these two states overlap, but they also differ, with fear more often associated with surges of autonomic arousal necessary for fight or flight, thoughts of immediate danger, and escape behaviors, and anxiety more often associated with muscle tension and vigilance in preparation for future danger and cautious or avoidant behaviors.<ref name="DSM5Disorders"/><ref name="Barkus2010">Barkus, C., McHugh, S. B., Sprengel, R., Seeburg, P. H., Rawlins, J. N. P., & Bannerman, D. M. (2010). Hippocampal NMDA receptors and anxiety: at the interface between cognition and emotion. European journal of pharmacology, 626(1), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.10.014</ref> This focus of anticipated danger may be internal or external.<ref name="DSM5GlossaryAnxiety"/>

Psychoactive substance-induced anxiety can be caused as an inescapable effect of the drug itself,<ref name="DSM5Disorders"/> by a lack of experience with the substance or its intensity, as an enhancement of a pre-existing state of mind, or by the experience of negative hallucinations.

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-'''Anxiety''' is the experience of negative feelings of apprehension, worry, and general unease.<ref name="DSM5Glossary">American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.), 818. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms</ref> These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger panic attacks or feelings of impending doom. Anxiety is often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as restlessness, difficulty concentrating, irritability, and muscular tension.<ref name="DSM5Disorders">American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.), 189-190. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm05</ref>
+'''Anxiety''' is the experience of negative feelings of apprehension, worry, and general unease.<ref name="DSM5GlossaryAnxiety">American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.), 818. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms</ref> These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger panic attacks or feelings of impending doom. Anxiety is often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as restlessness, difficulty concentrating, irritability, and muscular tension.<ref name="DSM5Disorders">American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.), 189-190. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm05</ref>
-''Fear'' is the emotional response to real or perceived imminent threat, whereas ''anxiety'' is anticipation of future threat. Obviously, these two states overlap, but they also differ, with fear more often associated with surges of autonomic arousal necessary for fight or flight, thoughts of immediate danger, and escape behaviors, and anxiety more often associated with muscle tension and vigilance in preparation for future danger and cautious or avoidant behaviors.<ref name="DSM5Disorders"/><ref name="Barkus2010">Barkus, C., McHugh, S. B., Sprengel, R., Seeburg, P. H., Rawlins, J. N. P., & Bannerman, D. M. (2010). Hippocampal NMDA receptors and anxiety: at the interface between cognition and emotion. European journal of pharmacology, 626(1), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.10.014</ref> This focus of anticipated danger may be internal or external.<ref name="DSM5Glossary"/>
+''Fear'' is the emotional response to real or perceived imminent threat, whereas ''anxiety'' is anticipation of future threat. Obviously, these two states overlap, but they also differ, with fear more often associated with surges of autonomic arousal necessary for fight or flight, thoughts of immediate danger, and escape behaviors, and anxiety more often associated with muscle tension and vigilance in preparation for future danger and cautious or avoidant behaviors.<ref name="DSM5Disorders"/><ref name="Barkus2010">Barkus, C., McHugh, S. B., Sprengel, R., Seeburg, P. H., Rawlins, J. N. P., & Bannerman, D. M. (2010). Hippocampal NMDA receptors and anxiety: at the interface between cognition and emotion. European journal of pharmacology, 626(1), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.10.014</ref> This focus of anticipated danger may be internal or external.<ref name="DSM5GlossaryAnxiety"/>
 Psychoactive substance-induced anxiety can be caused as an inescapable effect of the drug itself,<ref name="DSM5Disorders"/> by a lack of experience with the substance or its intensity, as an enhancement of a pre-existing state of mind, or by the experience of negative hallucinations.