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DOM: Difference between revisions
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{{SubstanceBox/DOM}} | {{SubstanceBox/DOM}} | ||
'''2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine''' (also known as '''DOM''' and '''STP''' or '''"Serenity, Tranquility and Peace"''') is a | '''2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine''' (also known as '''DOM''' and '''STP''' or '''"Serenity, Tranquility and Peace"''') is a lesser-known [[psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::amphetamine]] class. DOM is a member of the [[DOx]] family of compounds which are known for their high potency, long duration, and mixture of [[psychedelic]] and [[stimulant]] effects. It produces its effects by acting on [[serotonin]] receptors in the brain. | ||
DOM was first synthesized and tested in 1963 by [[Alexander Shulgin | DOM was first synthesized and tested in 1963 by [[Alexander Shulgin]].<ref name="DOM">Shulgin, Alexander (1991). PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story. Berkeley, CA: Transform Press. pp. 53–56.</ref> It attained some popularity during the summer of 1967 under the name "STP" ("Serenity, Tranquility, and Peace"),<ref>"STP's faster, here's why". Berkeley Barb, June 16-22, 1967. 3-5 (Independent Voices) | http://voices.revealdigital.com/cgi-bin/independentvoices?a=d&d=BFBJFGD19670616.1.3</ref> but its use was short-lived due to its side effects. In 1991, the synthesis and pharmacology of DOM was published in Shulgin's book ''[[PiHKAL]]'' ("Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved").<ref name="PiHKAL">http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal.shtml</ref>. | ||
Over the years, DOM has gained a reputation for being a highly dose-sensitive psychedelic that is often sold on blotting paper and known for its strong visuals, body load and neutral, analytical headspace. Many reports also indicate that the effects of this chemical may be overly difficult to use for those who are not already experienced with psychedelics. | Over the years, DOM has gained a reputation for being a highly dose-sensitive psychedelic that is often sold on blotting paper and known for its strong visuals, body load and neutral, analytical headspace. Many reports also indicate that the effects of this chemical may be overly difficult to use for those who are not already experienced with psychedelics. | ||
==History and culture== | ==History and culture== | ||
DOM was first synthesized and tested in 1963 by Alexander Shulgin, who was investigating the effect of 4-position substitutions on psychedelic amphetamines.<ref name="DOM" /> | DOM was first synthesized and tested in 1963 by Alexander Shulgin, who was investigating the effect of 4-position substitutions on psychedelic amphetamines.<ref name="DOM" /> DOM is part of the so-called "magical half-dozen" which refers to Shulgin's self-rated most important phenethylamine compounds, all of which except [[mescaline]] he developed and synthesized himself. They are found within the first book of PiHKAL and are as follows: [[Mescaline]], DOM, [[2C-B]], [[2C-E]], [[2C-T-2]] and [[2C-T-7]]. | ||
In mid-1967, tablets containing 20 mg (later 10 mg) of DOM were widely distributed in the Haight-Ashbury District of San Francisco under the name of "STP" (short for "Serenity, Tranquility, and Peace").{{citation needed}} | In mid-1967, tablets containing 20 mg (later 10 mg) of DOM were widely distributed in the Haight-Ashbury District of San Francisco under the name of "STP" (short for "Serenity, Tranquility, and Peace").{{citation needed}} This short-lived appearance of DOM on the black market proved disastrous for several reasons. First, the tablets contained an excessively high dose of the chemical. This, combined with DOM’s slow onset of action (which encouraged some users, familiar with substances that have quicker onsets, such as LSD, to re-dose) and its remarkably long duration, caused many users to panic and sent some to the emergency room. Second, treatment of such overdoses was complicated by the fact that it was unknown at the time that the tablets called "STP" were DOM.{{citation needed}} | ||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
DOM, or 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a molecule of the [[substituted amphetamine]] class. Amphetamines are substituted phenethylamines containing a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH<sub>2</sub>) group through an ethyl chain and a methyl group bound to the alpha carbon R<sub>α</sub>. DOM contains methoxy functional groups (OCH<sub>3</sub>) attached to carbons R<sub>2</sub> and R<sub>5</sub> and a methyl group attached to carbon R<sub>4</sub> of the phenyl ring. | DOM, or 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a molecule of the [[substituted amphetamine]] class. Amphetamines are substituted phenethylamines containing a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH<sub>2</sub>) group through an ethyl chain and a methyl group bound to the alpha carbon R<sub>α</sub>. DOM contains methoxy functional groups (OCH<sub>3</sub>) attached to carbons R<sub>2</sub> and R<sub>5</sub> and a methyl group attached to carbon R<sub>4</sub> of the phenyl ring. | ||
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==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
User reports suggest that DOM is relatively clear-headed in comparison to [[DOC]] or [[DOB]], especially at higher dosages. | |||
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | {{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | ||
{{effects/base | {{effects/base | ||
|{{effects/physical| | |{{effects/physical| | ||
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the user, DOM is usually considered to be mildly stimulating at levels which do not become overwhelming, encouraging users to move around, run, dance, climb and generally engage in physical activities. In comparison, it is more stimulating than psychedelics like [[psilocin]], but less stimulating than most compounds of the [[DOx]] family. | *'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the user, DOM is usually considered to be mildly stimulating at levels which do not become overwhelming, encouraging users to move around, run, dance, climb and generally engage in physical activities. In comparison, it is more stimulating than psychedelics like [[psilocin]], but less stimulating than most compounds of the [[DOx]] family. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous | *'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - The "body high" of DOM is reported to be somewhat intense in comparison to most classical [[psychedelics]]. However, in comparison to [[DOC]] and the overwhelming forcefulness of [[2C-E]], it can be considered relatively mild and natural in feel. The sensation itself can be described as a constantly present yet somewhat mild energetic pins and needles sensation that encompasses one's entire body. This is coupled with a euphoric, fast-moving, sharp and location specific tingling sensation. It is usually felt over every square inch of the skin, but occasionally manifests itself in the form of a continuously shifting tingling sensation that travels up and down the body in spontaneous waves. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' - Feelings of enhanced tactile sensation are consistently present at moderate levels throughout most DOM experiences. If [[Level 8A]] visuals are reached, an intense sensation of suddenly becoming aware of and being able to feel every single nerve ending across a person's entire body all at once is consistently present. | *'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' - Feelings of enhanced tactile sensation are consistently present at moderate levels throughout most DOM experiences. If [[Level 8A]] visuals are reached, an intense sensation of suddenly becoming aware of and being able to feel every single nerve ending across a person's entire body all at once is consistently present. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Stamina enhancement]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Stamina enhancement]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Bodily pressures]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Bodily pressures]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased bodily temperature]]'''{{citation needed}} | |||
*'''[[Effect::Muscle contractions]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Muscle contractions]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Muscle spasms]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Muscle spasms]]''' | ||
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====[[Effect::Geometry]]==== | ====[[Effect::Geometry]]==== | ||
The visual geometry of DOM is | The visual geometry of DOM is described as unique and may share minimal similarity with [[2C-D]]. It can be comprehensively described through its [[Geometry#Variations|variations]] as intricate in style, equally algorithmic and abstract in form, equally synthetic and organic in style, structured in organization, brightly lit in lighting, multicolored in scheme, glossy in shading, sharp in edges, large in size, fast in speed, smooth in motion, equal in rounded and angular corners, non-immersive in-depth and consistent in intensity. Higher dosages are significantly more likely to result in states of [[Effect::8A Geometry|level 8A]] visual geometry over [[8B Geometry|level 8B]]. | ||
====Hallucinatory states==== | ====Hallucinatory states==== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
|{{effects/cognitive| | |{{effects/cognitive| | ||
The cognitive effects of DOM are described by many as a combination of extreme mental stimulation and a powerful enhancement of a person's current mental state | The cognitive effects of DOM are described by many as a combination of extreme mental stimulation and a powerful enhancement of a person's current mental state. | ||
The total sum of these cognitive components regardless of the setting generally includes: | The total sum of these cognitive components regardless of the setting generally includes: | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{effects/transpersonal| | {{effects/transpersonal| | ||
Transpersonal states on DOM are reported to occur in a far less consistent and reproducible fashion than classical psychedelics. This can perhaps be attributed its the prominent physical and stimulating effects, which tends to interfere with the user's ability to fully immerse themselves in the experience. | |||
*'''[[Effect::Existential self-realization]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Existential self-realization]]''' | ||
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The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DOM use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. This is because DOM is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage. | The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DOM use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. This is because DOM is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage. | ||
Anecdotal evidence | Anecdotal evidence suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the substance by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption. | ||
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | ||
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*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_(medication) Lithium]''' - Lithium is often used as treatment for bipolar disorder. It may possibly cause elevated risk of seizures and psychosis due to its [[Glutamate|glutaminergic]] and [[GABA|GABAergic]] effects.{{citation needed}} | *'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_(medication) Lithium]''' - Lithium is often used as treatment for bipolar disorder. It may possibly cause elevated risk of seizures and psychosis due to its [[Glutamate|glutaminergic]] and [[GABA|GABAergic]] effects.{{citation needed}} | ||
== | ==Legal status== | ||
*'''Austria:''' DOM is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the SMG (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}} | *'''Austria:''' DOM is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the SMG (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Brazil''' | *'''Brazil:''' Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344 as "STP".<ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref> | ||
*'''Belgium:''' DOM is a Schedule I drug.{{citation needed}} | *'''Belgium:''' DOM is a Schedule I drug.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Canada:''' DOM is a Schedule I drug.{{citation needed}} | *'''Canada:''' DOM is a Schedule I drug.{{citation needed}} | ||
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*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=pk&id=68 DOM (PiHKAL / Isomer Design)] | *[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=pk&id=68 DOM (PiHKAL / Isomer Design)] | ||
=== | ===Discussion=== | ||
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/291980-The-Big-amp-Dandy-DOM-Thread DOM (Bluelight)] | *[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/291980-The-Big-amp-Dandy-DOM-Thread The Big & Dandy DOM Thread (Bluelight)] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||