Pattern recognition enhancement: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Faceincloud.jpg|thumbnail|300px|'''Face in a cloud''' by '''[http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-10/14/pareidolic-robot Neil Usher]''' - This image serves as an example of [[pattern recognition enhancement]].]]

'''Pattern recognition enhancement''' can be described as an increase in a person's ability to recognise patterns (usually faces) within vague stimuli.

'''Pattern recognition enhancement''' can be described as an increase in a person's ability and tendency to recognise patterns (usually faces) within vague stimuli.

This innate ability which human beings possess in everyday life is referred to by the scientific literature as pareidolia and is a well documented phenomenon.<ref>Liu, J., Li, J., Feng, L., Li, L., Tian, J., & Lee, K. (2014). Seeing Jesus in toast: neural and behavioral correlates of face pareidolia. Cortex, 53, 60-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2014.01.013</ref><ref>Kato, M., & Mugitani, R. (2015). Pareidolia in infants. PloS one, 10(2), e0118539. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118539</ref><ref>Coolidge, F. L., & Coolidge, M. L. (2016, August 09). Why People See Faces When There Are None: Pareidolia. Retrieved February 21, 2018, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/how-think-neandertal/201608/why-people-see-faces-when-there-are-none-pareidolia</ref> Common examples of this include spotting faces in everyday objects, such as the front of a car, or seeing different objects in clouds.<ref>Abraham, H. D. (1983). Visual phenomenology of the LSD flashback. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 40(8), 886-887. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/493119</ref>

During this effect, pareidolia can ~~become~~ significantly more pronounced than it would usually be during ~~everyday~~ sober ~~living~~.<ref>Halberstadt, A. L. (2015). Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens. Behavioural brain research, 277, 99-120. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbr.2014.07.016</ref> For example, ~~scenery may look~~ remarkably ~~like~~ detailed images, everyday objects may look like faces, and clouds may appear as fantastical objects, all without any visual alterations ~~actually~~ taking place. Once an image has been perceived within an object or landscape, the mind may further exaggerate this recognition through the [[hallucinatory states|hallucinatory effect]] known as [[transformations]], which goes beyond pareidolia and becomes a standard visual hallucination.

During this effect, pareidolia can be significantly more pronounced than it would usually be during a sober state.<ref>Halberstadt, A. L. (2015). Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens. Behavioural brain research, 277, 99-120. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbr.2014.07.016</ref> For example, remarkably detailed images may appear embedded in scenery, everyday objects may look like faces, and clouds may appear as fantastical objects, all without any visual alterations taking place. Once an image has been perceived within an object or landscape, the mind may further exaggerate this recognition through the [[hallucinatory states|hallucinatory effect]] known as [[transformations]], which goes beyond pareidolia and becomes a standard visual hallucination.

Pattern recognition enhancement is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[acuity enhancement]] and [[colour enhancement]].<ref>Papoutsis, I., Nikolaou, P., Stefanidou, M., Spiliopoulou, C., & Athanaselis, S. (2015). 25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers. Forensic Toxicology, 33(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9</ref><ref>Bersani, F. S., Corazza, O., Albano, G., Valeriani, G., Santacroce, R., Bolzan Mariotti Posocco, F., ... & Schifano, F. (2014). 25C-NBOMe: preliminary data on pharmacology, psychoactive effects, and toxicity of a new potent and dangerous hallucinogenic drug. BioMed Research International, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155%2F2014%2F734749</ref> It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#mild|mild]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds, such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]].

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 <onlyinclude>
 [[File:Faceincloud.jpg|thumbnail|300px|'''Face in a cloud''' by '''[http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-10/14/pareidolic-robot Neil Usher]''' - This image serves as an example of [[pattern recognition enhancement]].]]
-'''Pattern recognition enhancement''' can be described as an increase in a person's ability to recognise patterns (usually faces) within vague stimuli.
+'''Pattern recognition enhancement''' can be described as an increase in a person's ability and tendency to recognise patterns (usually faces) within vague stimuli.
 This innate ability which human beings possess in everyday life is referred to by the scientific literature as pareidolia and is a well documented phenomenon.<ref>Liu, J., Li, J., Feng, L., Li, L., Tian, J., & Lee, K. (2014). Seeing Jesus in toast: neural and behavioral correlates of face pareidolia. Cortex, 53, 60-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2014.01.013</ref><ref>Kato, M., & Mugitani, R. (2015). Pareidolia in infants. PloS one, 10(2), e0118539. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118539</ref><ref>Coolidge, F. L., & Coolidge, M. L. (2016, August 09). Why People See Faces When There Are None: Pareidolia. Retrieved February 21, 2018, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/how-think-neandertal/201608/why-people-see-faces-when-there-are-none-pareidolia</ref> Common examples of this include spotting faces in everyday objects, such as the front of a car, or seeing different objects in clouds.<ref>Abraham, H. D. (1983). Visual phenomenology of the LSD flashback. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 40(8), 886-887. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/493119</ref>
-During this effect, pareidolia can become significantly more pronounced than it would usually be during everyday sober living.<ref>Halberstadt, A. L. (2015). Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens. Behavioural brain research, 277, 99-120. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbr.2014.07.016</ref> For example, scenery may look remarkably like detailed images, everyday objects may look like faces, and clouds may appear as fantastical objects, all without any visual alterations actually taking place. Once an image has been perceived within an object or landscape, the mind may further exaggerate this recognition through the [[hallucinatory states|hallucinatory effect]] known as [[transformations]], which goes beyond pareidolia and becomes a standard visual hallucination.
+During this effect, pareidolia can be significantly more pronounced than it would usually be during a sober state.<ref>Halberstadt, A. L. (2015). Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens. Behavioural brain research, 277, 99-120. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbr.2014.07.016</ref> For example, remarkably detailed images may appear embedded in scenery, everyday objects may look like faces, and clouds may appear as fantastical objects, all without any visual alterations taking place. Once an image has been perceived within an object or landscape, the mind may further exaggerate this recognition through the [[hallucinatory states|hallucinatory effect]] known as [[transformations]], which goes beyond pareidolia and becomes a standard visual hallucination.
 Pattern recognition enhancement is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[acuity enhancement]] and [[colour enhancement]].<ref>Papoutsis, I., Nikolaou, P., Stefanidou, M., Spiliopoulou, C., & Athanaselis, S. (2015). 25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers. Forensic Toxicology, 33(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9</ref><ref>Bersani, F. S., Corazza, O., Albano, G., Valeriani, G., Santacroce, R., Bolzan Mariotti Posocco, F., ... & Schifano, F. (2014). 25C-NBOMe: preliminary data on pharmacology, psychoactive effects, and toxicity of a new potent and dangerous hallucinogenic drug. BioMed Research International, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155%2F2014%2F734749</ref> It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#mild|mild]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds, such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]].