Serotonin: Difference between revisions

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'''Serotonin''', also known as '''5-hydroxytryptamine''' ('''5-HT'''), is a [[monoamine]] [[neurotransmitter|neurotransmitter]] affecting the [[serotonin]] [[receptors]] (5-HT<sub>1-7</sub>). Serotonin is primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract, platelets, and in the central nervous system of animals including humans. It is popularly thought to be a contributor to feelings of well-being and happiness.

Approximately 90% of the human body's total serotonin is located in the digestive system, where it is used to regulate intestinal movements. The remainder is synthesized in serotonergic [[neurons]] of the CNS, where it has various functions. These include the regulation of mood, appetite, and sleep. Serotonin also has some cognitive functions, including memory and learning. In the blood, it serves as a [[vasoconstriction|vasoconstrictor]], and could be attributed as the cause of vasoconstriction in most serotonergic drugs.

Approximately 90% of the human body's total serotonin is located in the digestive system, where it is used to regulate intestinal movements. The remainder is synthesized in serotonergic [[neurons]] of the CNS, where it has various functions. These include the regulation of mood, appetite, heart rate and sleep. Serotonin also has some cognitive functions, including memory and learning. In the blood, it serves as a [[vasoconstriction|vasoconstrictor]], and could be attributed as the cause of vasoconstriction in most serotonergic drugs.

Seratonin does present some carditoxcicity, as it is able to raise both heart rate and blood pressure, as well as having some negative efects on the stress responses from the cardiovascular system.

==Chemistry==

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[[File:Monoamine_chain.png|210px|thumb|right|Skeletal formula of monoamine chain molecule.]]

Serotonin is comprised of a monoamine chain attached to an indole ring at the third carbon. A monoamine chain is made up of an amine group attached to an ethane chain. This monoamine chain can be found in many neurotransmitters, including [[histamine|histamine]], [[dopamine|dopamine]], [[adrenaline|adrenaline]] and [[noradrenaline|noradrenaline]]. It's also found in many drugs, examples being [[tryptamines]] and [[phenethylamines]].

Seratonin is synthesysed from the α-amino acid tryptophan, wich is hydroxylated into the metabolic intermediate 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), then decarboxylated into seratonin. This process requires the co-enzyme vitamin B6. Supliments of both tryptophan and 5-HTP are widely avalable, and are fairly safe, but do pose some harm when combined with some drugs like seratonin releaseing agents, as this can cause seratonin syndrome.

==Serotonin system==

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*[[Neurotransmitter]]

==References==

https://www.livestrong.com/article/268329-the-effects-of-serotonin-in-the-cardiovascular-system/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptophan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Hydroxytryptophan

[[Category:Neurotransmitters]]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 '''Serotonin''', also known as '''5-hydroxytryptamine''' ('''5-HT'''), is a [[monoamine]] [[neurotransmitter|neurotransmitter]] affecting the [[serotonin]] [[receptors]] (5-HT<sub>1-7</sub>). Serotonin is primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract, platelets, and in the central nervous system of animals including humans. It is popularly thought to be a contributor to feelings of well-being and happiness.
-Approximately 90% of the human body's total serotonin is located in the digestive system, where it is used to regulate intestinal movements. The remainder is synthesized in serotonergic [[neurons]] of the CNS, where it has various functions. These include the regulation of mood, appetite, and sleep. Serotonin also has some cognitive functions, including memory and learning. In the blood, it serves as a [[vasoconstriction|vasoconstrictor]], and could be attributed as the cause of vasoconstriction in most serotonergic drugs.
+Approximately 90% of the human body's total serotonin is located in the digestive system, where it is used to regulate intestinal movements. The remainder is synthesized in serotonergic [[neurons]] of the CNS, where it has various functions. These include the regulation of mood, appetite, heart rate and sleep. Serotonin also has some cognitive functions, including memory and learning. In the blood, it serves as a [[vasoconstriction|vasoconstrictor]], and could be attributed as the cause of vasoconstriction in most serotonergic drugs.
+Seratonin does present some carditoxcicity, as it is able to raise both heart rate and blood pressure, as well as having some negative efects on the stress responses from the cardiovascular system.
 ==Chemistry==
@@ Line 9: / Line 11: @@
 [[File:Monoamine_chain.png|210px|thumb|right|Skeletal formula of monoamine chain molecule.]]
 Serotonin is comprised of a monoamine chain attached to an indole ring at the third carbon. A monoamine chain is made up of an amine group attached to an ethane chain. This monoamine chain can be found in many neurotransmitters, including [[histamine|histamine]], [[dopamine|dopamine]], [[adrenaline|adrenaline]] and [[noradrenaline|noradrenaline]]. It's also found in many drugs, examples being [[tryptamines]] and [[phenethylamines]].
+Seratonin is synthesysed from the α-amino acid tryptophan, wich is hydroxylated into the metabolic intermediate 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), then decarboxylated into seratonin. This process requires the co-enzyme vitamin B6. Supliments of both tryptophan and 5-HTP are widely avalable, and are fairly safe, but do pose some harm when combined with some drugs like seratonin releaseing agents, as this can cause seratonin syndrome.
 ==Serotonin system==
@@ Line 61: / Line 65: @@
 *[[Neurotransmitter]]
 ==References==
+https://www.livestrong.com/article/268329-the-effects-of-serotonin-in-the-cardiovascular-system/
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptophan
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Hydroxytryptophan
 {{references}}
 [[Category:Neurotransmitters]]