Glutamate: Difference between revisions

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[[File:L-Glutamate.svg|250px|thumb|right|L-glutamate molecule]]

'''Glutamate''', also known as '''glutamic acid''', is one of the principal excitatory neurotransmitters in the human central nervous system (CNS). It is the most abundant neurotransmitter in vertebrates and is involved in every major excitatory function, accounting in total for well over 90% of the synaptic connections in the human brain.<ref>Meldrum BS (~~April~~ 2000). "Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology~~" (PDF)~~. The Journal of Nutrition. 130 (~~4S Suppl~~)~~: 1007S–15S~~. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.4.1007s~~. PMID 10736372~~.</ref> Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, glutamate is involved in cognitive functions such as learning and memory.<ref>McEntee WJ, Crook TH (1993). "Glutamate: its role in learning, memory, and the aging brain". Psychopharmacology. 111 (4)~~: 391–401~~. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02253527. PMID 7870979.</ref>

'''Glutamate''', also known as '''glutamic acid''', is one of the principal excitatory neurotransmitters in the human central nervous system (CNS).

It is the most abundant neurotransmitter in vertebrates and is involved in every major excitatory function, accounting in total for well over 90% of the synaptic connections in the human brain.<ref>Meldrum, B. S. (2000). Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology. The Journal of Nutrition, 130(4), 1007S-1015S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.4.1007s.</ref>

Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, glutamate is involved in cognitive functions such as learning and memory.<ref>McEntee, W. J., & Crook, T. H. (1993). Glutamate: its role in learning, memory, and the aging brain. Psychopharmacology, 111(4), 391-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02253527. PMID 7870979.</ref>

The receptors for glutamate fall into three major classes, known as AMPA receptors, [[NMDA receptor|NMDA receptors]], and metabotropic glutamate receptors.

The receptors for glutamate fall into three major classes, known as AMPA receptors, [[NMDA receptor|NMDA receptors]], and metabotropic glutamate receptors.{{citation needed}}

Glutamate is a major constituent of a wide variety of proteins which makes it one of the most abundant amino acids in the human body.<ref>Meldrum BS (April 2000). "Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology" (PDF). The Journal of Nutrition. 130 (4S Suppl): 1007S–15S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.4.1007s. PMID 10736372.</ref> It also serves as a metabolic precursor for the neurotransmitter [[GABA]], the main inhibitory neurotransmitter.

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==External links==

*[[wikipedia:Glutamate|Glutamate (Wikipedia)]]

==Literature==

* Meldrum, B. S. (2000). Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology. The Journal of Nutrition, 130(4), 1007S-1015S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.4.1007s.

==References==

~~{{references}}~~

[[Category:Neurotransmitters]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{headerpanel|{{stub}}}}
 [[File:L-Glutamate.svg|250px|thumb|right|L-glutamate molecule]]
-'''Glutamate''', also known as '''glutamic acid''', is one of the principal excitatory neurotransmitters in the human central nervous system (CNS). It is the most abundant neurotransmitter in vertebrates and is involved in every major excitatory function, accounting in total for well over 90% of the synaptic connections in the human brain.<ref>Meldrum BS (April 2000). "Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology" (PDF). The Journal of Nutrition. 130 (4S Suppl): 1007S–15S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.4.1007s. PMID 10736372.</ref> Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, glutamate is involved in cognitive functions such as learning and memory.<ref>McEntee WJ, Crook TH (1993). "Glutamate: its role in learning, memory, and the aging brain". Psychopharmacology. 111 (4): 391–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02253527. PMID 7870979.</ref>
+'''Glutamate''', also known as '''glutamic acid''', is one of the principal excitatory neurotransmitters in the human central nervous system (CNS).
+It is the most abundant neurotransmitter in vertebrates and is involved in every major excitatory function, accounting in total for well over 90% of the synaptic connections in the human brain.<ref>Meldrum, B. S. (2000). Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology. The Journal of Nutrition, 130(4), 1007S-1015S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.4.1007s.</ref>
+Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, glutamate is involved in cognitive functions such as learning and memory.<ref>McEntee, W. J., & Crook, T. H. (1993). Glutamate: its role in learning, memory, and the aging brain. Psychopharmacology, 111(4), 391-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02253527. PMID 7870979.</ref>
-The receptors for glutamate fall into three major classes, known as AMPA receptors, [[NMDA receptor|NMDA receptors]], and metabotropic glutamate receptors.
+The receptors for glutamate fall into three major classes, known as AMPA receptors, [[NMDA receptor|NMDA receptors]], and metabotropic glutamate receptors.{{citation needed}}
 Glutamate is a major constituent of a wide variety of proteins which makes it one of the most abundant amino acids in the human body.<ref>Meldrum BS (April 2000). "Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology" (PDF). The Journal of Nutrition. 130 (4S Suppl): 1007S–15S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.4.1007s. PMID 10736372.</ref> It also serves as a metabolic precursor for the neurotransmitter [[GABA]], the main inhibitory neurotransmitter.
@@ Line 35: / Line 37: @@
 ==External links==
 *[[wikipedia:Glutamate|Glutamate (Wikipedia)]]
+==Literature==
+* Meldrum, B. S. (2000). Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology. The Journal of Nutrition, 130(4), 1007S-1015S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.4.1007s.
 ==References==
-{{references}}
 [[Category:Neurotransmitters]]