Addiction suppression: Difference between revisions

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In terms of psychedelics, this effect seems to be primarily triggered by the psychological self-reflection that can manifest through a combination of effects. These primarily include [[analysis enhancement]], [[personal bias suppression]], and [[introspection]]. The intensity and effectiveness of this experience occurring under the influence of a psychedelic is unpredictable and depends on a variety of factors such as [[dosage]], [[setting]], [[Responsible drug use#State of mind|state of mind]], and a general willingness to change.

In comparison, [[N-acetylcysteine]] and a small number of other compounds seem to suppress feelings of addiction in a more direct and consistent manner. This is thought to occur as a result of their action on [[glutamate|glutaminergic]] and [[dopamine]]rgic pathways which may reverse brain functions that have become disturbed by heavy drug addiction.<ref>Targeting the Glutamatergic System to Treat Pathological Gambling: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/109786/</ref><ref>Cystine/glutamate exchange regulates metabotropic glutamate receptor presynaptic inhibition of excitatory transmission and vulnerability to cocaine seeking (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16000629</ref><ref>Using glutamate homeostasis as a target for treating addictive disorders | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2932669/</ref>This mechanism has been shown to provide relief for those who struggle with [[compulsive redosing]], reward behaviors and psychological cravings, and has been shown to positively reverse [[nicotine]] addiction<ref>The Role of Cystine-Glutamate Exchange in Nicotine Dependence in Rats and Humans (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756612/</ref>, [[cocaine]] addiction<ref>Safety and Tolerability of N-Acetylcysteine in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1513138/</ref>, [[marijuana]] dependence.<ref>N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in young marijuana users: an open-label pilot study (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163391/</ref>, and many other compulsive behaviors.<ref>Glutamate transmission in addiction (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18675832/</ref> However, it is worth noting that NAC's addiction suppression qualities typically only manifest themselves while the person is still under the influence of the drug and do not seem to last beyond that.

In comparison, [[N-acetylcysteine]] and a small number of other compounds seem to suppress feelings of addiction in a more direct and consistent manner. This is thought to occur as a result of their action on [[glutamate|glutaminergic]] and [[dopamine]]rgic pathways which may reverse brain functions that have become disturbed by heavy drug addiction.<ref>Targeting the Glutamatergic System to Treat Pathological Gambling: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/109786/</ref><ref>Cystine/glutamate exchange regulates metabotropic glutamate receptor presynaptic inhibition of excitatory transmission and vulnerability to cocaine seeking (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16000629</ref><ref>Using glutamate homeostasis as a target for treating addictive disorders | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2932669/</ref> This mechanism has been shown to provide relief for those who struggle with [[compulsive redosing]], reward behaviors, and psychological cravings, and has been shown to positively reverse [[nicotine]] addiction<ref>The Role of Cystine-Glutamate Exchange in Nicotine Dependence in Rats and Humans (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756612/</ref>, [[cocaine]] addiction<ref>Safety and Tolerability of N-Acetylcysteine in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1513138/</ref>, [[marijuana]] dependence.<ref>N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in young marijuana users: an open-label pilot study (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163391/</ref>, and many other compulsive behaviors.<ref>Glutamate transmission in addiction (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18675832/</ref> However, it is worth noting that NAC's addiction suppression qualities typically only manifest themselves while the person is still under the influence of the drug and do not seem to last beyond that.

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===Psychoactive substances===

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 In terms of psychedelics, this effect seems to be primarily triggered by the psychological self-reflection that can manifest through a combination of effects. These primarily include [[analysis enhancement]], [[personal bias suppression]], and [[introspection]]. The intensity and effectiveness of this experience occurring under the influence of a psychedelic is unpredictable and depends on a variety of factors such as [[dosage]], [[setting]], [[Responsible drug use#State of mind|state of mind]], and a general willingness to change.
-In comparison, [[N-acetylcysteine]] and a small number of other compounds seem to suppress feelings of addiction in a more direct and consistent manner. This is thought to occur as a result of their action on [[glutamate|glutaminergic]] and [[dopamine]]rgic pathways which may reverse brain functions that have become disturbed by heavy drug addiction.<ref>Targeting the Glutamatergic System to Treat Pathological Gambling: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/109786/</ref><ref>Cystine/glutamate exchange regulates metabotropic glutamate receptor presynaptic inhibition of excitatory transmission and vulnerability to cocaine seeking (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16000629</ref><ref>Using glutamate homeostasis as a target for treating addictive disorders | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2932669/</ref>This mechanism has been shown to provide relief for those who struggle with [[compulsive redosing]], reward behaviors and psychological cravings, and has been shown to positively reverse [[nicotine]] addiction<ref>The Role of Cystine-Glutamate Exchange in Nicotine Dependence in Rats and Humans (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756612/</ref>, [[cocaine]] addiction<ref>Safety and Tolerability of N-Acetylcysteine in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1513138/</ref>, [[marijuana]] dependence.<ref>N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in young marijuana users: an open-label pilot study (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163391/</ref>, and many other compulsive behaviors.<ref>Glutamate transmission in addiction (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18675832/</ref> However, it is worth noting that NAC's addiction suppression qualities typically only manifest themselves while the person is still under the influence of the drug and do not seem to last beyond that.
+In comparison, [[N-acetylcysteine]] and a small number of other compounds seem to suppress feelings of addiction in a more direct and consistent manner. This is thought to occur as a result of their action on [[glutamate|glutaminergic]] and [[dopamine]]rgic pathways which may reverse brain functions that have become disturbed by heavy drug addiction.<ref>Targeting the Glutamatergic System to Treat Pathological Gambling: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/109786/</ref><ref>Cystine/glutamate exchange regulates metabotropic glutamate receptor presynaptic inhibition of excitatory transmission and vulnerability to cocaine seeking (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16000629</ref><ref>Using glutamate homeostasis as a target for treating addictive disorders | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2932669/</ref> This mechanism has been shown to provide relief for those who struggle with [[compulsive redosing]], reward behaviors, and psychological cravings, and has been shown to positively reverse [[nicotine]] addiction<ref>The Role of Cystine-Glutamate Exchange in Nicotine Dependence in Rats and Humans (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756612/</ref>, [[cocaine]] addiction<ref>Safety and Tolerability of N-Acetylcysteine in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1513138/</ref>, [[marijuana]] dependence.<ref>N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in young marijuana users: an open-label pilot study (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163391/</ref>, and many other compulsive behaviors.<ref>Glutamate transmission in addiction (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18675832/</ref> However, it is worth noting that NAC's addiction suppression qualities typically only manifest themselves while the person is still under the influence of the drug and do not seem to last beyond that.
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 ===Psychoactive substances===