Opioids: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Slaapbol R0017601.JPG|250px|thumb|Poppy pod scored to release opium latex]]

[[File:Mohn z06.jpg|250px|thumb|Dried pods for preparation of tea or solvent extraction of alkaloids]]

An '''~~opioid~~''' ~~is any~~ psychoactive ~~substance~~ that ~~resembles~~ [[morphine]] or other opiates in ~~its~~ pharmacological effects.{{citation needed}} Opioids work by binding to opioid [[receptors]], which are found ~~principally~~ in the central and peripheral nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract.{{citation needed}} The receptors in these organ systems mediate both the beneficial effects and the side effects of opioids.

'''Opioids''' are psychoactive substances that resemble [[morphine]] or other opiates in their pharmacological effects.{{citation needed}} Opioids work by binding to opioid [[receptors]], which are found in the central and peripheral nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract.{{citation needed}} The receptors in these organ systems mediate both the beneficial effects and the side effects of opioids.

Although the term opiate is often used as a synonym for opioid, the term opiate is limited to drugs derived from the natural alkaloids found in the resin of the opium poppy (''Papaver somniferum'').<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s8CXrbimviMC&pg=PA268|title=Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia: Foundations and Clinical Application: Expert Consult - Online and Print|last=Hemmings|first=Hugh C.|last2=Egan|first2=Talmage D.|publisher=Elsevier Health Scienc,es|year=2013|isbn=1437716792|page=253|language=en|quote=Opiate is the older term classically used in pharmacology to mean a drug derived from opium. Opioid, a more modern term, is used to designate all substances, both natural and synthetic, that bind to opioid receptors (including antagonists).}}</ref>

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 [[File:Slaapbol R0017601.JPG|250px|thumb|Poppy pod scored to release opium latex]]
 [[File:Mohn z06.jpg|250px|thumb|Dried pods for preparation of tea or solvent extraction of alkaloids]]
-An '''opioid''' is any psychoactive substance that resembles [[morphine]] or other opiates in its pharmacological effects.{{citation needed}} Opioids work by binding to opioid [[receptors]], which are found principally in the central and peripheral nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract.{{citation needed}} The receptors in these organ systems mediate both the beneficial effects and the side effects of opioids.
+'''Opioids''' are psychoactive substances that resemble [[morphine]] or other opiates in their pharmacological effects.{{citation needed}} Opioids work by binding to opioid [[receptors]], which are found in the central and peripheral nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract.{{citation needed}} The receptors in these organ systems mediate both the beneficial effects and the side effects of opioids.
 Although the term opiate is often used as a synonym for opioid, the term opiate is limited to drugs derived from the natural alkaloids found in the resin of the opium poppy (''Papaver somniferum'').<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s8CXrbimviMC&pg=PA268|title=Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia: Foundations and Clinical Application: Expert Consult - Online and Print|last=Hemmings|first=Hugh C.|last2=Egan|first2=Talmage D.|publisher=Elsevier Health Scienc,es|year=2013|isbn=1437716792|page=253|language=en|quote=Opiate is the older term classically used in pharmacology to mean a drug derived from opium. Opioid, a more modern term, is used to designate all substances, both natural and synthetic, that bind to opioid receptors (including antagonists).}}</ref>