Auditory hallucination: Difference between revisions

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#'''Partially defined embedded hallucinations''' - At the lowest level, the hallucinated sounds lack clarity and may be indistinct, muffled, and difficult to make out.<ref name="Juszczak2013"/> They are also only heard as embedded within real sounds occurring within the external environment. For example, one may hear subtle music or voices embedded within the sounds of the wind, cars, and rain.

#'''Partially defined separate hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds remain only partially defined, but are heard on a separate layer of their own instead of only manifesting themselves as embedded within other noises.

#'''Fully defined separate hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds become fully defined in their clarity, meaning that the content of the hallucinations can be recognized and heard perfectly as if they were actually occurring externally.<ref name="Juszczak2013"/>

#'''Fully defined separate hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds become fully defined in their clarity, meaning that the content of the hallucinations can be recognized and heard perfectly as if they were actually occurring externally.<ref name="Juszczak2013"/><ref name="Cuomo1994">Cuomo, M. J., Dyment, P. G., & Gammino, V. M. (1994). Increasing Use of “Ecstasy “(MDMA) and other Hallucinogens on a College Campus. Journal of American College Health, 42(6), 271-274. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7913938</ref>

Auditory hallucinations are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[auditory distortion]]<ref name="Carbonaro2013"/><ref name="Shulgin1980"/><ref name="Shulgin1997"/> and [[auditory enhancement]].<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Juszczak2013"/> They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] compounds,<ref>Al-Assmar, S. E. (1999). The seeds of the Hawaiian baby woodrose are a powerful hallucinogen. Archives of internal medicine, 159(17), 2090-2090. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/521620</ref> such as [[psychedelic|psychedelics]], [[deliriant|deliriants]], and [[dissociative|dissociatives]]. However, they can also occur less commonly under the influence of [[stimulant psychosis]], [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]], and during [[sleep deprivation]].<ref name="Nichols2016">Nichols, D. E. (2016). Psychedelics. Pharmacological reviews, 68(2), 264-355. https://dx.doi.org/10.1124%2Fpr.115.011478</ref><ref name="Lu2004">Lu, B. Y., Woofter, C., & Escalona, R. (2004). A case of prolonged peyote-induced psychosis resolved by sleep. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 65(10), 1433. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15491253</ref>

Auditory hallucinations are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[auditory distortion]]<ref name="Carbonaro2013"/><ref name="Shulgin1980"/><ref name="Shulgin1997"/><ref name="Cuomo1994"/> and [[auditory enhancement]].<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Juszczak2013"/> They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] compounds,<ref>Al-Assmar, S. E. (1999). The seeds of the Hawaiian baby woodrose are a powerful hallucinogen. Archives of internal medicine, 159(17), 2090-2090. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/521620</ref> such as [[psychedelic|psychedelics]], [[deliriant|deliriants]], and [[dissociative|dissociatives]]. However, they can also occur less commonly under the influence of [[stimulant psychosis]], [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]], and during [[sleep deprivation]].<ref name="Nichols2016">Nichols, D. E. (2016). Psychedelics. Pharmacological reviews, 68(2), 264-355. https://dx.doi.org/10.1124%2Fpr.115.011478</ref><ref name="Lu2004">Lu, B. Y., Woofter, C., & Escalona, R. (2004). A case of prolonged peyote-induced psychosis resolved by sleep. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 65(10), 1433. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15491253</ref>

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 #'''Partially defined embedded hallucinations''' - At the lowest level, the hallucinated sounds lack clarity and may be indistinct, muffled, and difficult to make out.<ref name="Juszczak2013"/> They are also only heard as embedded within real sounds occurring within the external environment. For example, one may hear subtle music or voices embedded within the sounds of the wind, cars, and rain.
 #'''Partially defined separate hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds remain only partially defined, but are heard on a separate layer of their own instead of only manifesting themselves as embedded within other noises.
-#'''Fully defined separate hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds become fully defined in their clarity, meaning that the content of the hallucinations can be recognized and heard perfectly as if they were actually occurring externally.<ref name="Juszczak2013"/>
+#'''Fully defined separate hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds become fully defined in their clarity, meaning that the content of the hallucinations can be recognized and heard perfectly as if they were actually occurring externally.<ref name="Juszczak2013"/><ref name="Cuomo1994">Cuomo, M. J., Dyment, P. G., & Gammino, V. M. (1994). Increasing Use of “Ecstasy “(MDMA) and other Hallucinogens on a College Campus. Journal of American College Health, 42(6), 271-274. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7913938</ref>
-Auditory hallucinations are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[auditory distortion]]<ref name="Carbonaro2013"/><ref name="Shulgin1980"/><ref name="Shulgin1997"/> and [[auditory enhancement]].<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Juszczak2013"/> They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] compounds,<ref>Al-Assmar, S. E. (1999). The seeds of the Hawaiian baby woodrose are a powerful hallucinogen. Archives of internal medicine, 159(17), 2090-2090. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/521620</ref> such as [[psychedelic|psychedelics]], [[deliriant|deliriants]], and [[dissociative|dissociatives]]. However, they can also occur less commonly under the influence of [[stimulant psychosis]], [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]], and during [[sleep deprivation]].<ref name="Nichols2016">Nichols, D. E. (2016). Psychedelics. Pharmacological reviews, 68(2), 264-355. https://dx.doi.org/10.1124%2Fpr.115.011478</ref><ref name="Lu2004">Lu, B. Y., Woofter, C., & Escalona, R. (2004). A case of prolonged peyote-induced psychosis resolved by sleep. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 65(10), 1433. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15491253</ref>
+Auditory hallucinations are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[auditory distortion]]<ref name="Carbonaro2013"/><ref name="Shulgin1980"/><ref name="Shulgin1997"/><ref name="Cuomo1994"/> and [[auditory enhancement]].<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Juszczak2013"/> They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] compounds,<ref>Al-Assmar, S. E. (1999). The seeds of the Hawaiian baby woodrose are a powerful hallucinogen. Archives of internal medicine, 159(17), 2090-2090. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/521620</ref> such as [[psychedelic|psychedelics]], [[deliriant|deliriants]], and [[dissociative|dissociatives]]. However, they can also occur less commonly under the influence of [[stimulant psychosis]], [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]], and during [[sleep deprivation]].<ref name="Nichols2016">Nichols, D. E. (2016). Psychedelics. Pharmacological reviews, 68(2), 264-355. https://dx.doi.org/10.1124%2Fpr.115.011478</ref><ref name="Lu2004">Lu, B. Y., Woofter, C., & Escalona, R. (2004). A case of prolonged peyote-induced psychosis resolved by sleep. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 65(10), 1433. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15491253</ref>
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