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Opioids: Difference between revisions
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==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
The short-term non-chronic use of opioids is not associated with any physical or neurological toxicity.{{citation needed}} | |||
===Long term effects=== | ===Long term effects=== | ||
The long-term use of opioids causes hormonal imbalance in both men and women.<ref>The effect of opioid therapy on endocrine function. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414717</ref> In men, this opioid-induced androgen deficiency results in abnormally low levels of sex hormones, particularly testosterone.<ref>Opioid-induced androgen deficiency (OPIAD). (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22786453</ref> | The long-term use of opioids causes hormonal imbalance in both men and women.<ref>The effect of opioid therapy on endocrine function. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414717</ref> In men, this opioid-induced androgen deficiency results in abnormally low levels of sex hormones, particularly testosterone.<ref>Opioid-induced androgen deficiency (OPIAD). (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22786453</ref> | ||
This negative change in endocrine function in males can lead to: | This negative change in endocrine function in males can lead to: reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, depression, reduced facial and body hair, decreased muscle mass, and weight gain. | ||
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this class of substances. | It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this class of substances. | ||