Opioids: Difference between revisions

Line 143:

==Toxicity and harm potential==

~~{{toxicity}}~~

In non-chronic use of safe dosages of opioids, physical and neurological toxicity are markedly safe.{{citation needed}}

~~When used in~~ safe dosages, ~~in terms of~~ physical and neurological toxicity ~~most opioids~~ are markedly safe.

===Long term effects===

~~'''However''', long~~ term use of opioids causes ~~hormone~~ imbalance in men and women.<ref>The effect of opioid therapy on endocrine function. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414717</ref>

Long term use of opioids causes hormonal imbalance in both men and women.<ref>The effect of opioid therapy on endocrine function. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414717</ref>

In men, this opioid-induced ~~angrogen~~ decificeny essentially means that a long-term male opioid user will produce less amounts of sex hormones, especially testosterone.<ref>Opioid-induced androgen deficiency (OPIAD). (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22786453</ref>

In men, this opioid-induced androgen decificeny essentially means that a long-term male opioid user will produce less than normal amounts of sex hormones – especially testosterone.<ref>Opioid-induced androgen deficiency (OPIAD). (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22786453</ref>

This negative change in endocrine function in males can lead to:

@@ Line 143: / Line 143: @@
 ==Toxicity and harm potential==
-{{toxicity}}
+In non-chronic use of safe dosages of opioids, physical and neurological toxicity are markedly safe.{{citation needed}}
-When used in safe dosages, in terms of physical and neurological toxicity most opioids are markedly safe.
+===Long term effects===
-'''However''', long term use of opioids causes hormone imbalance in men and women.<ref>The effect of opioid therapy on endocrine function. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414717</ref>
+Long term use of opioids causes hormonal imbalance in both men and women.<ref>The effect of opioid therapy on endocrine function. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414717</ref>
-In men, this opioid-induced angrogen decificeny essentially means that a long-term male opioid user will produce less amounts of sex hormones, especially testosterone.<ref>Opioid-induced androgen deficiency (OPIAD). (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22786453</ref>
+In men, this opioid-induced androgen decificeny essentially means that a long-term male opioid user will produce less than normal amounts of sex hormones – especially testosterone.<ref>Opioid-induced androgen deficiency (OPIAD). (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22786453</ref>
 This negative change in endocrine function in males can lead to: