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Opioids: Difference between revisions
>Snorkelborkel m Added citation needed to receptors |
>Pjb Added long-term hormonal effects of opioids with sources. Removed "fluffy" sentences with no sources. I want this information on the morphine page as well, but it is currently locked from editing. |
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==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
{{toxicity}} | {{toxicity}} | ||
When used in safe dosages, in terms of physical and neurological toxicity most | When used in safe dosages, in terms of physical and neurological toxicity most opioids are markedly safe. | ||
'''However''', long term use of opioids causes hormone imbalance in men and women.<ref>The effect of opioid therapy on endocrine function. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414717</ref> | |||
In men, this opioid-induced angrogen decificeny essentially means that a long-term male opioid user will produce less amounts of sex hormones, especially testosterone.<ref>Opioid-induced androgen deficiency (OPIAD). (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22786453</ref> | |||
This negative change in endocrine function in males can lead to: | |||
*'''Reduced libido''' | |||
*'''Erectile dysfunction''' | |||
*'''Fatigue''' | |||
*'''Depression''' | |||
A long term male user may also find more visual effects of their lowered testosterone such as: | |||
*'''Reduced facial and body hair''' | |||
*'''Decreased muscle massr''' | |||
*'''Weight gain''' | |||
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this class of substances. | It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this class of substances. | ||