Addiction suppression: Difference between revisions

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In terms of psychedelics, this effect seems to be primarily triggered by the psychological self-reflection that can manifest through a combination of effects. These primarily include [[analysis enhancement]], [[personal bias suppression]], and [[introspection]]. The intensity and effectiveness of this experience occurring under the influence of a psychedelic is unpredictable and depends on a variety of factors such as [[dosage]], [[setting]], [[Responsible drug use#State of mind|state of mind]], and a general willingness to change.

In comparison, [[N-acetylcysteine]] and a small number of other compounds ~~seems~~ to suppress feelings of addiction in a more direct and consistent manner. This is thought to occur as a result of their action on [[glutamate|glutaminergic]] and [[dopamine]]rgic pathways which may reverse brain functions that have become disturbed by heavy drug addiction.<ref>Targeting the Glutamatergic System to Treat Pathological Gambling: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/109786/</ref><ref>Cystine/glutamate exchange regulates metabotropic glutamate receptor presynaptic inhibition of excitatory transmission and vulnerability to cocaine seeking (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16000629</ref><ref>Using glutamate homeostasis as a target for treating addictive disorders | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2932669/</ref>This mechanism has been shown to provide relief for those who struggle with [[compulsive redosing]], reward behaviors and psychological cravings, and has been shown to positively reverse [[nicotine]] addiction<ref>The Role of Cystine-Glutamate Exchange in Nicotine Dependence in Rats and Humans (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756612/</ref>, [[cocaine]] addiction<ref>Safety and Tolerability of N-Acetylcysteine in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1513138/</ref>, [[marijuana]] dependence.<ref>N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in young marijuana users: an open-label pilot study (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163391/</ref>, and many other compulsive behaviors.<ref>Glutamate transmission in addiction (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18675832/</ref>

In comparison, [[N-acetylcysteine]] and a small number of other compounds seem to suppress feelings of addiction in a more direct and consistent manner. This is thought to occur as a result of their action on [[glutamate|glutaminergic]] and [[dopamine]]rgic pathways which may reverse brain functions that have become disturbed by heavy drug addiction.<ref>Targeting the Glutamatergic System to Treat Pathological Gambling: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/109786/</ref><ref>Cystine/glutamate exchange regulates metabotropic glutamate receptor presynaptic inhibition of excitatory transmission and vulnerability to cocaine seeking (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16000629</ref><ref>Using glutamate homeostasis as a target for treating addictive disorders | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2932669/</ref>This mechanism has been shown to provide relief for those who struggle with [[compulsive redosing]], reward behaviors and psychological cravings, and has been shown to positively reverse [[nicotine]] addiction<ref>The Role of Cystine-Glutamate Exchange in Nicotine Dependence in Rats and Humans (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756612/</ref>, [[cocaine]] addiction<ref>Safety and Tolerability of N-Acetylcysteine in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1513138/</ref>, [[marijuana]] dependence.<ref>N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in young marijuana users: an open-label pilot study (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163391/</ref>, and many other compulsive behaviors.<ref>Glutamate transmission in addiction (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18675832/</ref> However, it is worth noting that NAC's addiction suppression qualities typically only manifest themselves while the person is still under the influence of the drug and do not seem to last beyond that.

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===Psychoactive substances===

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 In terms of psychedelics, this effect seems to be primarily triggered by the psychological self-reflection that can manifest through a combination of effects. These primarily include [[analysis enhancement]], [[personal bias suppression]], and [[introspection]]. The intensity and effectiveness of this experience occurring under the influence of a psychedelic is unpredictable and depends on a variety of factors such as [[dosage]], [[setting]], [[Responsible drug use#State of mind|state of mind]], and a general willingness to change.
-In comparison, [[N-acetylcysteine]] and a small number of other compounds seems to suppress feelings of addiction in a more direct and consistent manner. This is thought to occur as a result of their action on [[glutamate|glutaminergic]] and [[dopamine]]rgic pathways which may reverse brain functions that have become disturbed by heavy drug addiction.<ref>Targeting the Glutamatergic System to Treat Pathological Gambling: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/109786/</ref><ref>Cystine/glutamate exchange regulates metabotropic glutamate receptor presynaptic inhibition of excitatory transmission and vulnerability to cocaine seeking (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16000629</ref><ref>Using glutamate homeostasis as a target for treating addictive disorders | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2932669/</ref>This mechanism has been shown to provide relief for those who struggle with [[compulsive redosing]], reward behaviors and psychological cravings, and has been shown to positively reverse [[nicotine]] addiction<ref>The Role of Cystine-Glutamate Exchange in Nicotine Dependence in Rats and Humans (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756612/</ref>, [[cocaine]] addiction<ref>Safety and Tolerability of N-Acetylcysteine in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1513138/</ref>, [[marijuana]] dependence.<ref>N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in young marijuana users: an open-label pilot study (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163391/</ref>, and many other compulsive behaviors.<ref>Glutamate transmission in addiction (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18675832/</ref>
+In comparison, [[N-acetylcysteine]] and a small number of other compounds seem to suppress feelings of addiction in a more direct and consistent manner. This is thought to occur as a result of their action on [[glutamate|glutaminergic]] and [[dopamine]]rgic pathways which may reverse brain functions that have become disturbed by heavy drug addiction.<ref>Targeting the Glutamatergic System to Treat Pathological Gambling: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/109786/</ref><ref>Cystine/glutamate exchange regulates metabotropic glutamate receptor presynaptic inhibition of excitatory transmission and vulnerability to cocaine seeking (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16000629</ref><ref>Using glutamate homeostasis as a target for treating addictive disorders | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2932669/</ref>This mechanism has been shown to provide relief for those who struggle with [[compulsive redosing]], reward behaviors and psychological cravings, and has been shown to positively reverse [[nicotine]] addiction<ref>The Role of Cystine-Glutamate Exchange in Nicotine Dependence in Rats and Humans (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756612/</ref>, [[cocaine]] addiction<ref>Safety and Tolerability of N-Acetylcysteine in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1513138/</ref>, [[marijuana]] dependence.<ref>N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in young marijuana users: an open-label pilot study (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163391/</ref>, and many other compulsive behaviors.<ref>Glutamate transmission in addiction (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18675832/</ref> However, it is worth noting that NAC's addiction suppression qualities typically only manifest themselves while the person is still under the influence of the drug and do not seem to last beyond that.
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 ===Psychoactive substances===