External hallucination: Difference between revisions

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[[File:deliriants.png|300px|right|thumb|''Deliriants by [[Anonymous]] [http://boards.420chan.org/deli/ DEL] user'' - This image represents the sinister external hallucinations commonly induced by [[deliriant]]s.]]

'''External hallucinations''' can be described as the perception of visual hallucinations which display themselves seamlessly into the external environment as if they were actually happening. This is in stark contrast to [[internal hallucinations]], such as [[dreams]], that occur exclusively within an imagined environment and can typically only be viewed with closed eyes.

'''External hallucinations''' can be described as the perception of visual hallucinations which display themselves seamlessly into the external environment as if they were actually happening.<ref name="Gilbert2003">Gauntlett-Gilbert, J., & Kuipers, E. (2003). Phenomenology of visual hallucinations in psychiatric conditions. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 191(3), 203-205. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NMD.0000055084.01402.02</ref><ref>Kubala, P. (2016, January 25). Healed and Whole Forever: On Psychedelic Science & Spirituality – The Revealer. Retrieved February 24, 2018, from https://wp.nyu.edu/therevealer/2016/01/25/healed-and-whole-forever-on-psychedelic-science-and-spirituality/</ref>>ref?Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS. PHARMACIA, 64(1), 32-47. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Violina_Angelova2/publication/317528151_Pharmaco-toxicological_aspects_and_analysis_of_phenylalkylamine_and_indolylallkylamine_hallucinogens_Review/links/593d59f50f7e9b3317a45adf/Pharmaco-toxicological-aspects-and-analysis-of-phenylalkylamine-and-indolylallkylamine-hallucinogens-Review.pdf</ref> This is in stark contrast to [[internal hallucinations]], such as [[dreams]], that occur exclusively within an imagined environment and can typically only be viewed with closed eyes.

This effect is capable of manifesting itself across the 4 different levels of intensity described below:

#'''Fleeting hallucinations''' - At the lowest level, external hallucinations generally consist of movement within the peripheral vision and ill-defined, fleeting hallucinations which disappear once a person double takes.

#'''Vaguely defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations are visible within one's direct line of sight, but are not fully defined in their appearance. This means that, although visible, they do not look completely detailed and are often extremely blurry or semi-translucent with little, if any, color.

#'''Vaguely defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations are visible within one's direct line of sight, but are not fully defined in their appearance. This means that, although visible, they do not look completely detailed and are often extremely blurry or semi-translucent with little, if any, color.<ref name="Gilbert2003"/>

#'''Partially defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations become distinct enough in their detail and vividness to extend beyond transparent, colorless, or blurry manifestations. However, they still remain unconvincing and do not quite live up to the detail of everyday life.

#'''Fully defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations have become completely realistic and will rarely disappear simply because a person double takes. They are now capable of a completely convincing and photorealistic appearance and their behavior becomes far more life like. Additionally, they may become numerous enough to fully engulf the entirety of the person's environment.

#'''Fully defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations have become completely realistic and will rarely disappear simply because a person double takes. They are now capable of a completely convincing and photorealistic appearance and their behavior becomes far more life like. Additionally, they may become numerous enough to fully engulf the entirety of the person's environment.<ref name="Gilbert2003"/>

It is worth noting that there are certain factors that directly alter both the likelihood of external hallucinations manifesting themselves and the level of detail of which they are rendered with. For example, the more unfamiliar with the external environment a person is, the more likely it is that this effect will manifest itself. Cluttered areas tend to produce more external hallucinations and the amount of light within a room is inversely proportional to the intensity of them, with less light leading to significantly more hallucinations and more light leading to fewer, although more detailed, hallucinations.

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 [[File:deliriants.png|300px|right|thumb|''Deliriants by [[Anonymous]] [http://boards.420chan.org/deli/ DEL] user'' - This image represents the sinister external hallucinations commonly induced by [[deliriant]]s.]]
 <onlyinclude>
-'''External hallucinations''' can be described as the perception of visual hallucinations which display themselves seamlessly into the external environment as if they were actually happening. This is in stark contrast to [[internal hallucinations]], such as [[dreams]], that occur exclusively within an imagined environment and can typically only be viewed with closed eyes.
+'''External hallucinations''' can be described as the perception of visual hallucinations which display themselves seamlessly into the external environment as if they were actually happening.<ref name="Gilbert2003">Gauntlett-Gilbert, J., & Kuipers, E. (2003). Phenomenology of visual hallucinations in psychiatric conditions. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 191(3), 203-205. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NMD.0000055084.01402.02</ref><ref>Kubala, P. (2016, January 25). Healed and Whole Forever: On Psychedelic Science & Spirituality – The Revealer. Retrieved February 24, 2018, from https://wp.nyu.edu/therevealer/2016/01/25/healed-and-whole-forever-on-psychedelic-science-and-spirituality/</ref>>ref?Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS. PHARMACIA, 64(1), 32-47. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Violina_Angelova2/publication/317528151_Pharmaco-toxicological_aspects_and_analysis_of_phenylalkylamine_and_indolylallkylamine_hallucinogens_Review/links/593d59f50f7e9b3317a45adf/Pharmaco-toxicological-aspects-and-analysis-of-phenylalkylamine-and-indolylallkylamine-hallucinogens-Review.pdf</ref> This is in stark contrast to [[internal hallucinations]], such as [[dreams]], that occur exclusively within an imagined environment and can typically only be viewed with closed eyes.
 This effect is capable of manifesting itself across the 4 different levels of intensity described below:
 #'''Fleeting hallucinations''' - At the lowest level, external hallucinations generally consist of movement within the peripheral vision and ill-defined, fleeting hallucinations which disappear once a person double takes.
-#'''Vaguely defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations are visible within one's direct line of sight, but are not fully defined in their appearance. This means that, although visible, they do not look completely detailed and are often extremely blurry or semi-translucent with little, if any, color.
+#'''Vaguely defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations are visible within one's direct line of sight, but are not fully defined in their appearance. This means that, although visible, they do not look completely detailed and are often extremely blurry or semi-translucent with little, if any, color.<ref name="Gilbert2003"/>
 #'''Partially defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations become distinct enough in their detail and vividness to extend beyond transparent, colorless, or blurry manifestations. However, they still remain unconvincing and do not quite live up to the detail of everyday life.
-#'''Fully defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations have become completely realistic and will rarely disappear simply because a person double takes. They are now capable of a completely convincing and photorealistic appearance and their behavior becomes far more life like. Additionally, they may become numerous enough to fully engulf the entirety of the person's environment.
+#'''Fully defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations have become completely realistic and will rarely disappear simply because a person double takes. They are now capable of a completely convincing and photorealistic appearance and their behavior becomes far more life like. Additionally, they may become numerous enough to fully engulf the entirety of the person's environment.<ref name="Gilbert2003"/>
 It is worth noting that there are certain factors that directly alter both the likelihood of external hallucinations manifesting themselves and the level of detail of which they are rendered with. For example, the more unfamiliar with the external environment a person is, the more likely it is that this effect will manifest itself. Cluttered areas tend to produce more external hallucinations and the amount of light within a room is inversely proportional to the intensity of them, with less light leading to significantly more hallucinations and more light leading to fewer, although more detailed, hallucinations.