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Opioids: Difference between revisions
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Opioids act on the three main classes of [[opioid receptor]] in the nervous system, μ, κ, δ (mu, kappa, and delta). Each opioid is measured by its [[agonist]]ic or [[antagonist]]ic effects towards the receptors, with the responses to the different receptor sub-types (e.g., μ1 and μ2) providing even more effects. Opioid receptors are found mainly within the brain, but also within the spinal cord and digestive tract. {{citation needed}} | Opioids act on the three main classes of [[opioid receptor]] in the nervous system, μ, κ, δ (mu, kappa, and delta). Each opioid is measured by its [[agonist]]ic or [[antagonist]]ic effects towards the receptors, with the responses to the different receptor sub-types (e.g., μ1 and μ2) providing even more effects. Opioid receptors are found mainly within the brain, but also within the spinal cord and digestive tract. {{citation needed}} | ||
====='''Delta (δ)'''===== | ====='''Delta (δ)'''===== | ||
The delta receptor is responsible for the [[analgesia]], antidepressant and convulsant effects as well as physical dependence. | The delta receptor is responsible for the [[analgesia]], antidepressant and convulsant effects as well as physical dependence.{{citation needed}} | ||
====='''Kappa (κ)'''===== | ====='''Kappa (κ)'''===== | ||
The kappa receptor is responsible for the [[analgesia]], [[anticonvulsant]], [[dissociative]] and [[deliriant]] effects as well as dysphoria, neuroprotection and [[sedation]]. | The kappa receptor is responsible for the [[analgesia]], [[anticonvulsant]], [[dissociative]] and [[deliriant]] effects as well as dysphoria, neuroprotection and [[sedation]].{{citation needed}} | ||
====='''Mu (μ)'''===== | ====='''Mu (μ)'''===== | ||
The mu receptor is responsible for [[analgesia]], physical dependence, [[respiratory depression]], [[euphoria]], and possible [[vasodilation]]. | The mu receptor is responsible for [[analgesia]], physical dependence, [[respiratory depression]], [[euphoria]], and possible [[vasodilation]].{{citation needed}} | ||
====='''Nociceptin'''===== | ====='''Nociceptin'''===== | ||
The nociceptin receptor is responsible for [[anxiety]], [[depression]], appetite and development of tolerance to μ agonists.{{citation needed}} | The nociceptin receptor is responsible for [[anxiety]], [[depression]], appetite and development of tolerance to μ agonists.{{citation needed}} | ||
====='''Zetta (ζ)'''===== | ====='''Zetta (ζ)'''===== | ||
The zetta opioid receptor, also known as opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr) is responsible for tissue growth, neural development, and is further implicated in the development in some cancers. The endogenous ligand for OGFr is met-enkephalin, which is also a powerful endogenous delta opioid receptor agonist. | The zetta opioid receptor, also known as opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr) is responsible for tissue growth, neural development, and is further implicated in the development in some cancers. The endogenous ligand for OGFr is met-enkephalin, which is also a powerful endogenous delta opioid receptor agonist.{{citation needed}} | ||
==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||